Achromatic vs Monochromatic
Achromatic thiab monochromatic yog ob lo lus tseem ceeb siv hauv electromagnetic txoj kev xav, optics, thiab lwm yam ntawm physics. Ob lo lus no muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov xim ntawm electromagnetic spectrum. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog dab tsi achromatic thiab monochromatic yog, lawv cov ntsiab lus, zoo sib xws, thiab thaum kawg qhov txawv ntawm achromatic thiab monochromatic.
Monochromatic yog dab tsi?
Lo lus "mono" yog hais txog ib yam khoom lossis cov ntsiab lus. Lo lus "chrome" yog hais txog xim. Lo lus "monochrome" yog siv rau ib qho xim. Yuav kom nkag siab txog monochromatic, ib tug yuav tsum xub nkag siab txog cov electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic nthwv dej tau muab faib ua ntau thaj chaw raws li lawv lub zog. X-rays, ultraviolet, infrared, pom, xov tooj cua tsis muaj npe rau qee qhov ntawm lawv. Txhua yam peb pom yog pom vim qhov pom thaj tsam ntawm electromagnetic spectrum. Ib qho spectrum yog zajlus ntawm kev siv zog piv rau lub zog ntawm electromagnetic rays. Lub zog kuj tuaj yeem sawv cev hauv wavelength lossis zaus. Ib qho spectrum txuas ntxiv yog ib qho spectrum uas tag nrho cov wavelengths ntawm cheeb tsam xaiv muaj kev siv zog. Lub teeb dawb zoo meej yog lub spectrum txuas ntxiv mus rau thaj tsam pom. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tau ib tug zoo meej spectrum. Ib qho kev nqus spectrum yog cov spectrum tau txais tom qab xa cov spectrum tas li los ntawm qee yam khoom. Ib qho emission spectrum yog lub spectrum tau txais tom qab lub spectrum tas li raug tshem tawm tom qab excitation ntawm cov electrons nyob rau hauv lub absorption spectrum.
Absorption spectrum thiab emission spectrum yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev nrhiav tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom siv. Qhov nqus los yog emission spectrum ntawm ib yam khoom yog tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom. Txij li thaum lub quantum txoj kev xav qhia tias lub zog yuav tsum tau quantized, zaus ntawm photon txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm photon. Txij li thaum lub zog yog discrete, qhov zaus tsis yog ib qho kev hloov pauv tas mus li. Frequency yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Cov xim ntawm qhov xwm txheej photon ntawm lub qhov muag yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lub zog ntawm photon. Ib txoj kab hluav taws xob muaj tsuas yog photons ntawm ib zaus xwb yog hu ua monochromatic rays. Xws li ib txoj kab hluav taws xob nqa ib lub teeb ntawm photons, uas yog tib yam xim yog li tau txais lo lus "monochromatic".
Achromatic yog dab tsi?
Kev siv "a" ntawm qhov pib ntawm ib lo lus txhais tau hais tias kev tsis lees paub ntawm lo lus. Txij li "chrome" txhais tau tias xim, "achromatic" txhais tau tias tsis muaj xim. Lub lens achromatic yog lub lens uas muaj peev xwm ua kom lub teeb los ntawm nws yam tsis tau faib rau xim. Xws li lo ntsiab muag muaj xws li complex, compound lens systems. Cov lo ntsiab muag no yog siv los kho cov chromatic aberration. Cov xim nruab nrab xws li grey yog hu ua achromatic xim.
Qhov txawv ntawm achromatic thiab monochromatic yog dab tsi?
• Achromatic txhais tau tias tsis muaj xim, tab sis monochromatic txhais tau tias ib xim.
• Cov xim achromatic ib txwm yog xim nruab nrab thaum xim monochromatic tuaj yeem yog xim nruab nrab lossis xim tsis nruab nrab.
