Qhov txawv ntawm Lorentz Hloov Hloov thiab Galilean Hloov Hloov

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-07 21:48

Lorentz Hloov pauv vs Galilean Hloov pauv

Ib txheej ntawm kev sib koom tes axes, uas tuaj yeem siv los pin-point txoj haujlwm, kev taw qhia thiab lwm yam khoom, yog ua haujlwm thaum piav qhia txog kev txav ntawm ib qho khoom. Xws li kev sib koom tes yog hu ua tus ncej ntawm kev siv.

Vim tias cov neeg soj ntsuam sib txawv tuaj yeem siv cov kab lus sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv, yuav tsum muaj ib txoj hauv kev los hloov cov kev soj ntsuam los ntawm ib tus qauv ntawm kev siv, kom haum rau lwm qhov kev siv. Galilean Transformation thiab Lorentz Transformation yog ob qho tib si xws li kev hloov pauv kev soj ntsuam. Tab sis ob leeg siv tau tsuas yog rau cov thav ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau txav mus tas li nrog kev hwm rau ib leeg.

Kev hloov pauv Galilean yog dab tsi?

Galilean Hloov pauv yog ua haujlwm hauv Newtonian Physics. Hauv Newtonian physics, nws xav tias muaj ib lub koom haum thoob ntiaj teb hu ua 'lub sij hawm' uas yog ywj siab ntawm tus neeg soj ntsuam.

Xav tias muaj ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm S (x, y, z, t) thiab S ' (x', y', z', t') tawm ntawm qhov S yog so thiab S yog txav mus tas li v raws cov kev taw qhia ntawm x-axis ntawm tus ncej S. Tam sim no xav tias ib qho kev tshwm sim tshwm sim ntawm qhov taw tes P uas nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw-lub sij hawm sib koom tes (x, y, z, t) nrog rau cov ncej S. Tom qab ntawd Galilean hloov pauv muab txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov xwm txheej raws li tau pom los ntawm tus neeg soj ntsuam hauv kab S '. Xav tias qhov chaw-lub sij hawm ua haujlwm nrog rau S' yog (x', y', z', t') ces x'=x - vt, y'=y, z'=z thiab t'=t. Nov yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm Galilean.

Differentiating cov no nrog hwm rau t' Galilean tshaj tawm kev sib npaug hloov pauv tau. Yog tias koj=(u_x, u_y, u_z) yog qhov nrawm ntawm ib qho khoom raws li pom los ntawm tus neeg soj ntsuam hauv S ces qhov nrawm ntawm tib yam khoom raws li pom los ntawm tus neeg soj ntsuam hauv S yog muab los ntawm u'=(u_x', u_{y ', u}z_{') qhov twg u}x_'=ux _{– v, u} y_'=uy _{and u}z_'=uz_{. Nws yog nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv Galilean transformations, lub acceleration yog invariant; i.e. acceleration of a object is the observed to be the same los ntawm txhua tus neeg soj ntsuam.}

Kev hloov pauv Lorentz yog dab tsi?

Lorentz Kev Hloov Pauv yog ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev sib txheeb tshwj xeeb thiab kev sib raug zoo. Galilean kev hloov pauv tsis tau kwv yees cov txiaj ntsig tau tseeb thaum lub cev txav nrog nrawm dua mus rau qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb. Li no, Lorentz transformations yog siv thaum lub cev mus ntawm xws speeds.

Tam sim no xav txog ob lub thav duab hauv ntu dhau los. Lorentz transformation equations rau ob tus neeg soj ntsuam yog x'=γ (x– vt), y'=y, z'=z thiab t'=γ(t – vx / c ²) qhov twg c yog qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb thiab γ=1/√(1 – v² / c^{2). Saib xyuas tias raws li qhov kev hloov pauv no, tsis muaj ntau npaum li lub sijhawm, raws li nws nyob ntawm tus saib xyuas qhov nrawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no, cov neeg soj ntsuam taug kev ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nrawm yuav ntsuas qhov sib txawv, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm thiab soj ntsuam kev txiav txim sib txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej.}

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Galilean thiab Lorentz Transformations? • Galilean transformations yog approximations ntawm Lorentz transformations rau speeds qis tshaj qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb. • Kev hloov pauv Lorentz siv tau rau txhua qhov nrawm thaum Galilean hloov pauv tsis yog. • Raws li Galilean transformations lub sij hawm yog universal thiab ywj siab ntawm tus soj ntsuam tab sis raws li Lorentz transformations lub sij hawm yog txheeb ze.