Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm somatic hypermutation thiab V(D)J recombination yog tias somatic hypermutation yog txheej txheem uas tso cai rau B hlwb hloov lawv cov noob los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab, thaum V(D)J recombination yog txheej txheem. ntawm somatic recombination uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm lymphocyte txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim kom muaj ntau haiv neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab T hlwb receptors.
Feem ntau, dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv caj ces hu ua somatic hypermutation hauv thaj tsam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv los ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Immunoglobulins uas tsim los ntawm B lymphocytes tuaj yeem paub yuav luag txhua hom antigens vim lawv cov antigen-binding feem hu ua cheeb tsam sib txawv. Cov exons coding rau cheeb tsam no yog hu ua V (variable), D (diversity) J (sib koom). Cov exons no muaj nyob ua ntau daim ntawv luam ntawm chromosomes. Lub recombination ntawm V(D)J noob yog ib qho kev hloov kho caj ces uas ua raws li cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb los tsim ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm thymocyte txoj kev loj hlob, T cell receptor chains kuj tau txais tib lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Li no, somatic hypermutation thiab V (D) J recombination yog ob hom kev hloov kho caj ces uas tsim kom muaj ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau txawv teb chaws antigens.
Somatic Hypermutation yog dab tsi?
Somatic hypermutation yog ib lub tswv yim uas tsim kev hloov pauv hauv cov chaw antigen-binding ntawm B hlwb, ua rau lawv cov noob los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab. Antigens ua rau somatic hypermutation. Tom qab ua kom muaj antigen, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm B hlwb txhim kho. Thaum B hlwb proliferate sai heev, tus nqi ntawm qhov taw tes hloov pauv nce hauv cov noob, encoding rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov saw hnyav thiab lub teeb.
Daim duab 01: Somatic Hypermutation
Somatic hypermutation ua rau ib qho kev hloov pauv nucleotide rau cov noob hloov pauv hauv ib lub xov tooj. Yog li ntawd, tus ntxhais B hlwb yuav tau txais cov amino acid sib txawv me ntsis hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Somatic hypermutation pab ua kom muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antigen binding affinity. Ntxiv mus, mistargeted somatic hypermutation yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm B cell lymphomas thiab ntau lwm yam qog nqaij hlav.
V(D)J Recombination yog dab tsi?
V(D)J recombination yog txheej txheem ntawm somatic recombination uas ua rau muaj ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab T hlwb receptors thiab tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv kev tsim cov lymphocytes. Somatic recombination ntawm immunoglobulins tseem hu ua V (D) J recombination thiab koom nrog tiam ntawm ib cheeb tsam sib txawv ntawm immunoglobulin. Cov cheeb tsam sib txawv ntawm txhua qhov immunoglobulin hnyav thiab lub teeb saw yog encoded nyob rau hauv ob peb ntu (exons). Cov noob caj noob ces yog qhov sib txawv (V), ntau haiv neeg (D) thiab koom nrog (J). V, D, thiab J ntu muaj nyob rau hauv cov saw hnyav, tab sis tsuas yog V thiab J ntu pom nyob rau hauv cov saw teeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau daim ntawv theej ntawm V, D, thiab J ntu uas tau muab tso rau hauv genome ntawm cov tsiaj.
Daim duab 02: V(D)J Recombination
Thaum cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab tshwm sim hauv cov pob txha pob txha, kev tsim B cell xaiv ib V, ib qho D, thiab ib J gene segments random thiab muab lawv ua ke txhawm rau sib sau cov cheeb tsam sib txawv ntawm ib qho immunoglobin. Txij li thaum muaj ntau cov ntawv luam ntawm txhua ntu V, D thiab J noob, qhov tshwm sim immunoglobins qhia muaj ntau haiv neeg vim qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv thaj chaw sib txawv. Li no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem recombination no muaj qhov sib txawv paratopes thiab tshwj xeeb rau antigens. T cell receptor chains kuj tau txais tib lub sijhawm ntawm recombination thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm thymocyte.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Somatic Hypermutation thiab V(D)J Recombination?
- Somatic hypermutation thiab V(D)J recombination yog ob hom kev hloov kho caj ces tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv rau txawv teb chaws antigens.
- Ob txheej txheem tsom rau thaj tsam sib txawv ntawm immunoglobulins.
- Lawv yog cov txheej txheem nrog somatic mechanisms.
- Ob txheej txheem tseem ceeb heev rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Somatic Hypermutation thiab V(D)J Recombination?
Somatic hypermutation yog txheej txheem uas tso cai rau B hlwb hloov lawv cov noob los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab, thaum V(D)J recombination yog txheej txheem ntawm somatic recombination uas tshwm sim tsuas yog hauv kev tsim cov lymphocytes thiab ua rau muaj ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. thiab T cell receptors. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm somatic hypermutation thiab V(D)J recombination. Somatic hypermutation yog vim qhov siab ntawm qhov taw tes hloov pauv hauv cov noob caj noob ces sib txawv, thaum V (D) J recombination yog vim qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob caj ces.
Cov hauv qab no infographic teev qhov sib txawv ntawm somatic hypermutation thiab V(D)J recombination hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Somatic Hypermutation vs V(D)J Recombination
Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb txoj sia nyob. Nws tiv thaiv peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, kab mob, thiab kab mob cab. Antibodies ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Somatic hypermutation thiab V (D) J recombination yog ob hom kev hloov kho caj ces uas tsim kom muaj ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau txawv teb chaws antigens. Somatic hypermutation yog txheej txheem uas tso cai rau B hlwb hloov lawv cov noob los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab, thaum V (D) J recombination yog cov txheej txheem ntawm somatic recombination uas tshwm sim tsuas yog hauv kev tsim cov lymphocytes uas ua rau muaj ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab T hlwb receptors. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm somatic hypermutation thiab V(D)J recombination.
