Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm rDNA thiab cDNA yog rDNA yog cov DNA recombinant uas tau tsim los ntawm kev koom nrog DNA ntawm ob yam kab mob sib txawv, thaum cDNA yog cov DNA ntxiv uas yog tsim los ntawm mRNA los ntawm kev hloov pauv rov qab.
DNA thev naus laus zis tau hloov pauv kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no. DNA tuav ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm qee qhov tsis meej tom qab tib neeg tus cwj pwm, kab mob, evolution, thiab kev laus. Cov kev hloov tshiab tsis ntev los no hauv DNA thev naus laus zis suav nrog cloning, PCR, recombinant DNA thev naus laus zis, DNA fingerprinting, gene therapy, DNA microarray technology, thiab DNA profiling. Cov thev naus laus zis no twb tau pib ua cov tshuaj, forensic sciences, Environmental sciences, thiab kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws.rDNA thiab cDNA yog ob hom DNA uas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis DNA tshiab.
rDNA yog dab tsi?
rDNA yog hais txog cov DNA recombinant tsim los ntawm kev koom nrog DNA ntawm ob yam kab mob sib txawv. Recombinant DNA yog ib daim DNA uas tau tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas yam tsawg kawg yog ob qho DNA ntawm ob qhov sib txawv. Raws li recombinant DNA yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom los ntawm ob hom sib txawv, recombinant DNA molecules kuj hu ua chimeric DNA. Recombinant DNA technology siv cov kab mob derived enzymes hu ua txwv endonucleases, uas ua zoo li txiab txiav DNA. Qhov no ua rau kev tsim cov nplaum thiab blunt kawg. Tom qab ntawd, DNA sequences pib los ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv koom ua ke los tsim cov DNA molecule chimeric. Piv txwv li, cog DNA tuaj yeem koom nrog cov kab mob DNA, lossis tib neeg DNA tuaj yeem koom nrog fungal DNA.
Figure 01: rDNA
Siv rDNA thev naus laus zis thiab cov khoom siv DNA, txhua yam DNA tuaj yeem tsim thiab nthuav qhia rau txhua yam kabmob muaj sia. Recombinant proteins yog cov proteins uas tsim los ntawm rDNA. Cov recombinant DNA encoding proteins no tsuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub party kab mob yog hais tias lub rDNA yog qhia rau tus tswv tsev kab mob los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb qhia vector. Recombinant DNA txawv ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm caj ces raws li nws tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim hauv cov hlab ntsha. Ntxiv mus, recombinant DNA yog dav siv nyob rau hauv biotechnology, tshuaj thiab kev tshawb fawb, xws li recombinant chymosin, recombinant human insulin, recombinant human growth hormone, recombinant clotting factor VIII, recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, thiab lwm yam. Recombinant DNA technology kuj siv rau kev kuaj mob. Kab mob HIV. Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag sciences, recombinant DNA technology yog siv nyob rau hauv golden nplej ntau lawm thiab zus tau tej cov insecticide-resistant thiab herbicide-resistant qoob loo.
cDNA yog dab tsi?
cDNA yog hais txog DNA ntxiv uas yog tsim los ntawm mRNA los ntawm kev hloov pauv rov qab. Nyob rau hauv cov noob caj noob ces, ntxiv DNA los ntawm ib leeg-stranded RNA molecule xws li mRNA los yog micro RNA. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no hu ua thim rov qab. Lub enzyme thim rov qab transcriptase catalyzes cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. Thaum cov kws tshawb fawb xav qhia cov protein tshwj xeeb uas ib txwm tsis qhia hauv lub xov tooj, lawv yuav hloov cDNA uas cov lej rau cov protein rau hauv cov neeg txais xov tooj.
Daim duab 02: Rov qab sau dua
Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua neej biology, cDNA kuj tau tsim los tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv transcriptomic hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, ib lub hlwb, lossis ib lub nuclei hauv kev soj ntsuam xws li microarrays thiab RNA-seq. Ntxiv mus, cDNA yog ib txwm tsim los ntawm retroviruses. Cov kab mob no koom ua ke cDNA rau hauv tus tswv tsev genome los tsim proviruses. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntxiv DNA feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov noob qoob loo los yog ua cov tshuaj soj ntsuam. cDNA kuj tseem siv los tsim lub tsev qiv ntawv cDNA.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm rDNA thiab cDNA?
- Cov hom DNA no tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis DNA niaj hnub.
- Ob hom DNA yog tsim los siv cov enzymes tshwj xeeb.
- Lawv raug tsim tawm hauv cov chaw sim tshwj xeeb.
- Ob hom DNA muaj kev siv dav hauv biotechnology, tshuaj, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb.
Qhov txawv ntawm rDNA thiab cDNA yog dab tsi?
rDNA yog cov DNA rov ua dua uas tsim los ntawm kev koom nrog DNA ntawm ob yam kab mob sib txawv. Hauv qhov sib piv, cDNA yog cov DNA ntxiv uas tau tsim los ntawm mRNA los ntawm kev rov qab rov qab. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm rDNA thiab cDNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, rDNA tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov txuj ci dag, thaum cDNA tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ob qho tib si ntuj thiab txuj ci dag.
Cov infographic hauv qab no nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm rDNA thiab cDNA hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – rDNA vs cDNA
Ntawm DNA thev naus laus zis tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshuaj tshuaj, kev tsim kho caj ces, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, nce kev ua liaj ua teb, kuaj kab mob, thiab tshawb nrhiav kev ua txhaum cai. rDNA thiab cDNA yog ob hom DNA uas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis DNA niaj hnub. rDNA yog tsim los ntawm kev koom nrog DNA ntawm ob yam kab mob sib txawv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cDNA yog tsim los ntawm mRNA los ntawm kev thim rov qab. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm rDNA thiab cDNA.
