Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chromosomal DNA thiab extrachromosomal DNA yog tias chromosomal DNA yog genomic DNA uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, thaum extrachromosomal DNA yog non-genomic DNA uas pom tawm ntawm chromosomes thiab tsis tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug kab mob.
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm caj ces raug xa mus rau lwm tiam neeg thaum yug me nyuam. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm qhov qub txeeg qub teg. Ib tug chromosome yog ib tug ntev DNA molecule uas nqa ib feem los yog tag nrho cov genetic khoom ntawm ib tug kab mob. Cov kab mob muaj sia tuaj yeem muaj ob qho tib si chromosomal thiab extrachromosomal DNA. Chromosomal DNA thiab extrachromosomal DNA suav nrog DNA, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov qub txeeg qub teg.
Chromosomal DNA yog dab tsi?
Chromosomal DNA yog txhua yam DNA uas pom muaj nyob hauv chromosomes, sab hauv lossis sab nraud ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub cell. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm DNA yog nqa cov noob. Nws yog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tag nrho cov proteins ntawm lub cev. Chromosomal DNA tseem hu ua genomic DNA. Prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes muaj chromosomes. Yog li, lawv muaj chromosomal DNA uas txuas nrog cov proteins los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam zoo.
Prokaryotes tsis muaj nuclei. Yog li ntawd, lawv cov chromosomal DNA tau teeb tsa rau hauv cov qauv hu ua nucleoid. Prokaryotes nqa ib lub voj voog chromosome uas muaj ob txoj hlua DNA. Ntxiv mus, prokaryotic chromosomal DNA tseem txuas nrog cov proteins thiab RNA molecules hauv chromosome.
Daim duab 01: Chromosomal DNA
Eukaryotes muaj chromosomes uas muaj cov kab ntev chromosomal DNA molecule txuam nrog cov proteins hu ua histones. Cov chromosomal DNA thiab cov proteins tsim ib qho kev sib txuam hu ua chromatin hauv eukaryotes. Eukaryotic chromosomal DNA kuj tseem muaj ob txoj hlua khi. Histones yog lub luag haujlwm los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub koom haum chromosome, "nucleosome", nrog kev pab ntawm chromosomal DNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, eukaryotes muaj ntau yam, loj, linear chromosomes nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm lub cell uas yog tsim los ntawm chromosomal DNA thiab cov proteins.
DNA Extrachromosomal yog dab tsi?
Extrachromosomal DNA yog txhua yam DNA uas pom tawm ntawm chromosomes, sab hauv lossis sab nraud ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub cell. Muaj ntau hom DNA extrachromosomal. Extrachromosomal DNA ua haujlwm sib txawv. Lub plasmid yog cov extrachromosomal DNA pom nyob rau hauv prokaryotes xws li kab mob. Yog li ntawd, plasmid DNA encodes cov noob tseem ceeb heev, suav nrog hlau tsis kam, nitrogen fixation, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Hauv eukaryotes, extrachromosomal DNA feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv organelles xws li mitochondrial DNA thiab chloroplast DNA. Extrachromosomal DNA feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm replication raws li nws yooj yim los txheeb xyuas thiab cais.
Daim duab 02: Extrachromosomal DNA
Txawm hais tias extrachromosomal ncig DNA pom muaj nyob rau hauv ib txwm eukaryotic hlwb, nws yog ib tug txawv feature uas tau pom nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Extrachromosomal DNA nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav cancer yog vim muaj cov noob caj noob ces. Qhov no ua rau muaj ntau cov ntawv luam ntawm cov tsav tsheb oncogenes thiab mob qog noj ntshav hnyav heev. Ntxiv mus, extrachromosomal DNA nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm yog structurally txawv ntawm nuclear DNA. Qhov no yog vim cytoplasmic DNA yog tsawg methylated dua nuclear DNA.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Chromosomal DNA thiab Extrachromosomal DNA?
- Lawv yog tsim los ntawm DNA.
- Ob leeg encode rau noob.
- Kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob qho tib si tseem ceeb rau kev ntseeg ntawm tes.
- Lawv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas sab hauv lossis sab nraud ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub cell.
Qhov txawv ntawm Chromosomal DNA thiab Extrachromosomal DNA yog dab tsi?
Chromosomal DNA yog txhua yam DNA uas pom muaj nyob hauv chromosomes, sab hauv lossis sab nraud ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub cell. Hauv qhov sib piv, extrachromosomal DNA yog ib qho DNA uas pom tawm ntawm chromosomes, sab hauv lossis sab nraud ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub cell. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chromosomal DNA thiab extrachromosomal DNA. Ntxiv mus, chromosomal DNA yog loj loj, thaum extrachromosomal DNA yog me me.
Cov duab hauv qab no nthuav tawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm chromosomal DNA thiab extrachromosomal DNA hauv daim ntawv.
Summary – Chromosomal DNA vs Extrachromosomal DNA
DNA nqa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm lub cev. Nws yog lub hauv paus chav tsev ntawm qub txeeg qub teg. DNA muaj nyob rau hauv los yog tawm ntawm chromosomes. Chromosomal DNA yog txhua yam DNA uas muaj nyob hauv chromosomes, sab hauv lossis sab nraud ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub cell. Ntawm qhov tod tes, extrachromosomal DNA yog txhua yam DNA uas pom tawm ntawm cov chromosomes, sab hauv lossis sab nraud ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub cell. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm chromosomal DNA thiab extrachromosomal DNA.
