Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab kev sib npaug yog qhov kev xaiv ruaj khov yog ib hom kev xaiv ntuj uas nyiam qhov nruab nrab phenotypes hauv cov pej xeem thaum sib npaug xaiv yog kev saib xyuas ntawm ntau yam alleles ntawm cov noob hauv cov pej xeem txhawm rau txhim kho caj ces. Diversity.
Kev xaiv ruaj khov yog ib hom kev xaiv ntuj uas siv rau qhov zoo ntawm phenotypic. Nws nyiam qhov nruab nrab phenotypes hauv cov pej xeem. Yog li ntawd, nws tshem tawm ob hom kev phem phenotypes. Thaum kawg nws ua rau cov pejxeem tsis sib xws. Kev sib npaug ntawm kev xaiv yog ob peb txoj kev xaiv uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces hauv cov pej xeem los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntau yam alleles ntawm cov noob. Yog li ntawd, nws siv rau cov noob caj noob ces.
Kev xaiv ruaj khov yog dab tsi?
Kev xaiv ruaj khov yog hom kev xaiv ntuj tsim uas nyiam cov neeg nruab nrab hauv cov pej xeem. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev xaiv ruaj khov thawb cov pej xeem mus rau qhov nruab nrab lossis nruab nrab thaum tshem tawm ob qhov phenotypes. Ib puag ncig ib txwm nyiam qhov nruab nrab phenotype hauv cov pej xeem. Kev xaiv ruaj khov yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm kev xaiv qhov sib npaug rau tib lub noob zoo.
Daim duab 01: Kev xaiv ruaj khov
Piv txwv li, qhov hnyav thaum yug hauv tib neeg qhia tias muaj kev xaiv ruaj khov tiv thaiv qhov hnyav yug me me thiab loj heev. Lwm qhov piv txwv yog lub cev loj ntawm ib hom lizard uas yog genus Aristelliger. Cov lizards me thiab lizards loj raug tshem tawm, thiab qhov nruab nrab loj lizards yog nyiam los ntawm kev xaiv ntuj. Kev xaiv ruaj khov ua rau cov pej xeem zoo ib yam vim kev xaiv ntuj ua haujlwm tawm tsam ob qhov siab kawg.
Kev xaiv qhov sib npaug yog dab tsi?
Kev xaiv qhov sib npaug yog kev saib xyuas ntawm ob lossis ntau tus alleles hauv cov pejxeem. Nws tswj hwm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo sib txawv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces hauv cov neeg. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev sib npaug ntawm kev xaiv. Lawv yog heterozygote kom zoo dua thiab ntau zaus-nyob ntawm kev xaiv. Ob leeg ua rau muaj kev ruaj khov polymorphic equilibrium xeev. Heterozygotes qhia cov txheeb ze muaj zog dua li ob homozygotes, ua rau muaj kev sib npaug ntawm polymorphism. Yog li ntawd, lub cev yuav muaj ob lub alleles ntawm cov noob es tsis muaj ob daim ntawv luam ntawm ib leeg. Qhov no ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig heterozygote.
Nyob rau hauv kev xaiv ntau zaus, kev ua tiav ntawm kev yug me nyuam ntawm phenotype yog nyob ntawm qhov zaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws muaj qis dua. Txo qhov zaus, ua kom muaj zog dua, ua rau muaj kev sib npaug ntawm polymorphism. Kev qoj ib ce ntawm phenotype txo qis thaum nws ua ntau dua. Yog li tsis tshua muaj phenotypes qhia kev muaj zog dua thiab nyiam los ntawm kev xaiv. Qhov kev xaiv qhov tsis zoo no ua rau muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm polymorphism.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab kev xaiv sib npaug?
- Kev xaiv ruaj khov yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm kev xaiv.
- Ob leeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pejxeem.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab kev sib npaug xaiv?
Kev xaiv ruaj khov yog ib hom kev xaiv uas tshem tawm ob qho tib si ntawm cov phenotypes thaum ntsuas qhov kev xaiv yog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov txheej txheem xaiv uas nquag tuav ntau yam alleles ntawm cov noob hauv cov noob caj noob ces. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab sib npaug xaiv. Hauv kev xaiv stabilizing, tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm ib qho phenotype raug xaiv ntawm qhov zoo ntawm phenotypic thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib npaug xaiv, ntau yam alleles ntawm cov noob raug xaiv.
Ntxiv mus, kev xaiv ruaj khov ua rau cov pej xeem tsis sib xws thaum sib npaug xaiv kev txhawj xeeb txog cov caj ces polymorphism.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab sib npaug xaiv hauv daim ntawv teev npe.
Summary – Stabilizing vs Balancing Selection
Kev ruaj khov thiab sib npaug xaiv yog ob hom kev xaiv cov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv cov pej xeem. Kev xaiv ruaj khov yog siv rau qhov zoo ntawm phenotypic thaum xaiv qhov sib npaug yog siv rau qhov chaw muab. Stabilizing xaiv yog ib hom kev xaiv ntuj uas nyiam qhov nruab nrab phenotypes nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem thaum tshem tawm ob qho tib si huab phenotypes. Kev xaiv qhov sib npaug yog hais txog ntau lub tswv yim uas tswj hwm ntau yam alleles ntawm cov noob hauv cov pejxeem. Kev xaiv qhov sib npaug ua rau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces los ntawm ob lub tswv yim tseem ceeb: heterozygote kom zoo dua thiab kev xaiv ntau zaus. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm stabilizing thiab balancing xaiv.
