Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm substrate tshwj xeeb thiab kev sib txuas lus tshwj xeeb yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm substrate yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib qho enzyme los xaiv qhov tseeb substrate nws tuaj yeem sib raug zoo nrog los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov sib txuas sib xws thaum daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov enzyme xaiv. substrates muaj cov ntawv cog lus zoo sib xws thiab cov qauv zoo sib xws.
Cov ntsiab lus substrate tshwj xeeb thiab daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb tuaj nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm biochemistry, hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzymes. Peb tuaj yeem txhais ib qho enzyme ua ib qho khoom siv roj ntsha. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias, enzymes yog cov khoom sib txuas uas tuaj yeem txhim kho tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm lom neeg uas tshwm sim hauv cov hlwb, tab sis lawv tsis noj thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb yog hais txog txoj kev ib qho enzyme bonds nrog ib qho substrate.
Dab tsi yog Substrate Specificity?
Substrate tshwj xeeb yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib qho enzyme los khi nrog ib qho substrate. Qhov no kuj muaj npe raws li qhov tseeb. Hom kev tshwj xeeb no yog qhov siab heev vim tias cov enzymes tshwj xeeb rau tsuas yog ib qho substrate thiab ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ib yam nkaus.
Piv txwv li, lactase yog ib qho enzyme uas tuaj yeem tsuas yog hydrolyze beta-1, 4-glycosidic bonds hauv lactose qab zib. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsuas yog muab cov piam thaj thiab galactose nkaus xwb thiab tsuas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lactase nkaus xwb. Ib yam li ntawd, m altase yog ib qho enzyme uas tuaj yeem ua rau alpha-1, 4-glycosidic bonds hauv m altose los tsim cov piam thaj molecules.
Yuav ua li cas yog Bond Specificity?
Daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov enzyme los khi nrog ib hom substrate uas muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab cov nyiaj sib xws. Qhov no tseem hu ua txheeb ze qhov tshwj xeeb. Cov hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas cov enzymes ua rau muaj xws li peptide bonds, glycosidic bonds, ester bonds, thiab lwm yam.
Piv txwv li, cov enzyme hu ua alpha-amylase ua rau alpha-1, 4-glycosidic bonds rau hydrolyze lawv (cov ntawv cog lus no muaj nyob hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab glycogen). Yog li, cov enzyme tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuaj lom neeg (glycosidic bond) tab sis tsis yog rau cov substrate.
Qhov txawv ntawm Substrate Specificity thiab Bond Specificity yog dab tsi?
Peb tuaj yeem txhais cov enzyme ua cov khoom siv roj ntsha. Lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb yog hais txog txoj kev uas ib qho enzyme bonds nrog ib qho substrate. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm substrate tshwj xeeb thiab daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm substrate yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm ib qho enzyme los xaiv qhov tseeb substrate nws tuaj yeem sib raug zoo nrog los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov sib txuas uas zoo sib xws thaum daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm ib qho enzyme los xaiv cov substrate uas zoo sib xws. bonds thiab cov qauv zoo sib xws.
Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov tshwj xeeb hauv substrate piav qhia txog kev khi ntawm ib qho enzyme nrog ib qho substrate kom tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thaum daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb piav qhia txog kev khi ntawm ib qho enzyme nrog ib qho substrate uas muaj ib qho kev sib cog lus (tsis yog tshwj xeeb rau ib qho tshwj xeeb. substrate). Piv txwv li, lactase yog ib qho enzyme uas tuaj yeem hydrolyze tsuas yog beta-1, 4-glycosidic bonds hauv lactose qab zib. Ib yam li ntawd, alpha-amylase ua rau alpha-1, 4-glycosidic bonds rau hydrolyze lawv (cov nyiaj no muaj nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab glycogen).
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm substrate tshwj xeeb thiab daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb.
Summary – Substrate Specificity vs Bond Specificity
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm substrate tshwj xeeb thiab kev sib txuas lus tshwj xeeb yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv substrate yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm ib qho enzyme los xaiv qhov tseeb substrate nws tuaj yeem sib raug zoo nrog los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov sib txuas sib xws thaum daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm ib qho enzyme. xaiv cov substrates uas muaj cov khoom sib xws thiab cov qauv zoo sib xws.
