Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab sib npaug ntawm polymorphism yog nyob ntawm seb cov alleles coj li cas. Transient polymorphism yog kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho allele ntawm cov noob los ntawm lwm tus allele thaum sib npaug polymorphism yog kev saib xyuas ntawm ob qho tib si sib txawv ntawm cov noob nyob rau lub sijhawm
Genetic polymorphism yog ib lossis ob lossis ntau qhov txawv ntawm ib qho DNA. Transient thiab balanced polymorphism yog ob hom polymorphism uas tshwm sim vim yog ob qho kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob. Hauv kev hloov pauv polymorphism, los ntawm ob qho kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho chaw muab, ib qho allele tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm lwm qhov. Hauv kev sib npaug polymorphism, ob lub alleles nyob rau hauv equilibrium nrog ib leeg. Ob qho qauv ntawm cov noob tau khaws cia hauv cov pej xeem.
Dab tsi yog Transient Polymorphism?
Kev hloov pauv polymorphism tuaj yeem pom hauv cov pej xeem thaum muaj ob lub alleles tam sim no hauv cov noob caj noob ces. Cov polymorphisms no nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Ib qho ntawm ob hom kev hloov pauv ntawm cov allele yog hloov zuj zus los ntawm lwm tus allele thaum lub sijhawm qub txeeg qub teg. Qhov no tshwm sim vim muaj zog ib puag ncig kom tshem tawm ib qho allele los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Qhov no yog ib qho tsis sib npaug, tsis ruaj tsis khov polymorphism thiab tsis yog kev kwv yees.
Daim duab 01: Transient Polymorphism hauv Tsaus Peppered Moth
Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem pom cov npauj nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj kev lag luam tau dub los ntawm cov pa luam yeeb. Moths dhau los ua cov xim dub lossis xim dub hauv qhov chaw qias neeg vim kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho allele los ntawm allele lub luag haujlwm rau ntau tshaj melanin. Yog li ntawd, lub teeb thiab tsaus melanin variant ntawm npauj yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm polymorphism qhia los ntawm kev lag luam melanism lossis kev xaiv xaiv.
Dab tsi yog Balanced Polymorphism?
Sib npaug polymorphism yog polymorphism ruaj khov uas tuaj yeem khaws cia thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv no polymorphism, lub cev yuav muaj ob qho tib si alleles ntawm cov noob, es tsis muaj ob daim ntawv luam ntawm ib tug version ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem, ob qho tib si versions ntawm cov noob yuav khaws cia. Feem ntau, qhov sib npaug ntawm polymorphism yog khaws cia hauv cov xwm txheej heterozygous. Qee zaum, qhov no ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig heterozygote. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem xav txog ob qho alleles ntawm cov noob uas muaj lub luag haujlwm tsim cov enzymes uas tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Ib qho allele muaj kev ua haujlwm siab dua ntawm cov tshuaj detoxifying, tab sis nws ua rau tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov teeb meem nruab nrab. Lwm cov allele muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg, tab sis qhov mob tsawg dua. Yog li ntawd, qhov teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau lub cev yog kom muaj ib daim qauv ntawm txhua tus allele. Qhov no yog hom kev sib npaug ntawm polymorphism.
Tsis tas li ntawd, mob ntshav qab zib hauv cov neeg African tuaj yeem piav qhia tau zoo los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm polymorphism. Heterozygotes tsis tau mob ntshav qab zib. Lawv kuj tiv taus malaria. Li no, heterozygous kom zoo dua nyob rau hauv mob kab mob ntawm tes anemia yog tshwm sim los ntawm balanced polymorphism.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Transient thiab Balanced Polymorphism?
- Kev hloov pauv thiab sib npaug ntawm polymorphism tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv phenotypic.
- Lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov protein qhia.
- Lawv koom nrog alleles ntawm cov noob.
- Ob leeg coj qhov chaw ntawm ib lub noob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Transient thiab Balanced Polymorphism yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv thiab sib npaug polymorphisms yog ob hom polymorphisms pom hauv cov neeg. Transient polymorphism yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho allele ntawm cov noob los ntawm lwm tus allele. Hauv qhov sib piv, sib npaug polymorphism hais txog kev tswj hwm ntawm ob qho tib si sib txawv ntawm cov noob hauv lub sijhawm. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab sib npaug polymorphism. Hauv lwm lo lus, ib qho allele koom nrog hauv kev hloov pauv hloov pauv thaum ob qho tib si ntawm cov noob tau koom nrog hauv kev sib npaug polymorphism.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab sib npaug ntawm polymorphism.
Summary – Transient vs Balanced Polymorphism
Kev hloov pauv thiab sib npaug polymorphisms yog ob hom polymorphisms pom hauv cov neeg. Ob qho tib si ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv phenotypic thiab cuam tshuam rau kev nthuav qhia noob. Transient polymorphism tshwm sim thaum ib qho allele hloov zuj zus los ntawm lwm qhov casing polymorphism. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog ib qho allele cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv ib ntus polymorphism. Hauv qhov sib piv, ob qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob (ob qhov sib txawv alleles) tau khaws cia nyob rau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv sib npaug polymorphism. Yog li ntawd, ob hom alleles yog khaws cia. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab sib npaug ntawm polymorphism.
