Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab txhuas yog cov hlau hnyav dua thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus melting siab dua aluminium.
Qhov ntom ntawm hlau yog 7.87 g / cm 3 ze rau chav sov thaum qhov ntom ntawm txhuas yog 2.70 g / cm 3 ze chav kub. Yog li, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntom ntom no piav qhia tias hlau hnyav dua li txhuas. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si yog cov hlau thiab tseem ceeb heev hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam sib txawv.
Iron yog dab tsi?
Hlau yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj tus lej atomic 26 thiab cov cim tshuaj Fe. Nws yog ib qho hlau hauv thawj qhov kev hloov pauv. Thaum xav txog kev nplua nuj, nws yog cov hlau ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb los ntawm kev loj. Yog li, nws tsim feem ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem sab nrauv thiab sab hauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Daim duab 01: Tshav Hlau
Qee cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Atomic tus lej=26
- Standard atomic hnyav=55.84
- Group=8
- Lub sijhawm=4
- Block=d block
- Electron configuration=[Ar]3d64s2
- Melting point=1538 °C
- Boiling point=2862 °C
- Oxidation xeev=−2 rau +7 (feem ntau yog +2 thiab +3)
Muaj ntau yam kev siv hlau ua hlau nrog rau cov hlau sib txawv uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg. Peb siv nws ua cov hlau vim nws cov nqi qis thiab siab zog. Txij li cov hlau ntshiab yog mos, peb muab cov hlau no nrog rau lwm cov hlau thiab cov tshuaj nonmetal hauv kev txiav txim siab tsim cov alloys nrog cov khoom zoo. Piv txwv li, steel. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb siv cov khoom siv hlau uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, hauv kev kho dej thiab dej phwj tuaj, ua ntej rau lwm cov hlau sib txuas, thiab lwm yam.
Aluminium yog dab tsi?
Aluminium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 13, thiab cov cim tshuaj yog Al. Nws yog silvery-dawb, ci hlau uas zoo li hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum xav txog nws txoj kev nplua nuj, nws yog 3rd ntau tshaj plaws hlau nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb. Ntxiv mus, cov hlau no muaj ntau yam kev siv vim nws lub teeb yuag thiab corrosion kuj los ntawm passivation.
Daim duab 02: Pom ntawm Aluminium
Qee cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Atomic number=13
- Standard atomic hnyav=27
- Pob=13
- Pib=3
- Block=p block
- Electron configuration=[Ne]3s23p1
- Melting point=660.32 °C
- Boiling point=2470 °C
- Oxidation xeev=+3 yog lub xeev oxidation ruaj khov
Raws li hlau, txhuas yog cov hlau ntau tshaj plaws thiab yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau. Feem ntau, peb siv cov khoom no rau cov laj thawj alloying. Tsis tas li, vim qhov qis qis ntawm txhuas, nws yog ib qho tshwm sim hauv cov tsheb, cov dav hlau, thiab lwm yam vim tias nws tuaj yeem siv aluminium foils hauv lub hom phiaj. Vim yog tus nqi qis thiab kev ua haujlwm siab, cov hlau no muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov hluav taws xob ib yam nkaus.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hlau thiab Aluminium yog dab tsi?
Hlau yog cov tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 26 thiab cov cim tshuaj Fe whereas txhuas yog cov tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 13 thiab cov cim tshuaj yog Al. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab txhuas yog cov hlau hnyav dua li txhuas. Feem ntau, qhov no yog vim qhov ceev ntawm cov hlau yog 7.87 g / cm3 nyob ze ntawm chav sov thaum qhov ntom ntawm txhuas yog 2.70 g / cm3nyob ze chav kub. Ntxiv mus, aluminium muaj qhov qis melting piv rau hlau.
Cov duab hauv qab no piav qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau thiab txhuas kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Summary – Hlau vs Aluminium
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, hlau thiab txhuas muaj qhov zoo sib xws, thiab lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov hlau lossis cov tshuaj lom neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau thiab txhuas hauv lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab lub cev. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab txhuas yog cov hlau hnyav dua li txhuas.
