Key Difference – Missense vs Nonsense Mutation
DNA tas li raug hloov pauv vim muaj ntau yam xws li sab hauv thiab ib puag ncig. DNA puas thiab kev hloov pauv yog ob qhov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv DNA. Kev hloov pauv yog txhais raws li kev hloov pauv hauv DNA ib ntus. Kev hloov pauv tsis tuaj yeem lees paub thiab kho los ntawm enzymes. Mutated genes ua rau cov amino acid sib txawv uas tsim cov khoom protein tsis raug. Kev hloov pauv yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nkag ntawm nucleotides, tshem tawm ntawm nucleotides, inversion ntawm nucleotides, duplication ntawm nucleotides thiab rearrangement ntawm nucleotides hauv DNA. Kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm DNA rov ua dua lossis vim muaj qhov sib txawv ib puag ncig xws li UV teeb, luam yeeb, hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau hom kev hloov pauv xws li taw tes hloov pauv, hloov pauv hloov pauv, hloov pauv tsis raug, kev hloov pauv ntsiag to thiab tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv. Missense mutation yog ib qho kev hloov pauv uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov amino acid sib txawv hauv cov amino acid sib lawv liag vim kev hloov ntawm ib qho nucleotide hauv mRNA ib ntus. Nonsense mutation yog ib qho kev hloov pauv uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, tsis ua tiav, tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam protein vim yog kev qhia txog kev ua tsis tau ntxov ntxov hauv cov txheej txheem mRNA transcribed. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv yog qhov kev hloov pauv tsis txaus ntseeg hloov pauv cov amino acid sib txawv hauv cov amino acid ib ntus thaum tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv qhia qhov nres codon rau mRNA ib ntus.
Kev hloov pauv tsis zoo yog dab tsi?
Missense mutation yog ib qho kev hloov pauv uas ib zaug nucleotide hloov mus ua ib qho kev hloov ntawm cov amino acid sib txawv. Hauv kev hloov pauv tsis zoo, nres codon tsis yog tsim los txiav tawm cov amino acid sequence synthesis zoo ib yam li kev hloov pauv tsis zoo.
Daim duab 01: Kev hloov pauv tsis zoo
Thaum ib qho nucleotide hloov pauv hauv DNA ib ntus, nws hloov pauv cov cai ntawm cov noob. Thaum nws sau ntawv, cov txiaj ntsig mRNA yuav muaj cov codon sib txawv (nucleotide tripled uas ua rau muaj cov amino acid). Qhov hloov pauv codon ua rau muaj cov amino acid sib txawv. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov amino acid ib ntus yuav txawv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb amino acid ib ntus vim yog hloov pauv ntawm cov amino acid sib txawv los ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Kev hloov pauv tsis zoo yog dab tsi?
A nres codon yog ib qho nucleotide triplet nyob rau hauv mRNA ib ntus uas qhia txog kev txiav tawm ntawm kev txhais lus rau hauv cov protein. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem genetic code, muaj peb qhov sib txawv nres codons. They are UAG ('amber'), UAA ("ochre") and UGA ("opal") in RNA. Hauv DNA, peb qhov nres codons tshwm sim li TAG ("amber"), TAA ("ochre") thiab TGA ("opal"). Cov nres codons no yog nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm cov noob caj noob ces ntawm ib tug noob. Yog li ntawd, nws tsim cov protein ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev qhia txog kev cuam tshuam. Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua kom paub qhov ua ntej lub sijhawm nres codon rau ib ntu mRNA. Nonsense mutation yog ib qho kev hloov pauv uas qhia txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm codon rau hauv mRNA ib ntus. Ib qho kev hloov pauv nucleotide ua rau muaj kev qhia txog kev nres codon. Thaum lub nres codon tsis tsim nyog nkag mus rau hauv mRNA ib ntus, nws txiav tawm kev txhais lus yam tsis ua tiav tag nrho cov lus txhais. Yog li ntawd, lub resulting protein yuav abnormally shortened. Txhua cov protein muaj qhov tshwj xeeb amino acid ib ntus. Nucleotide hloov pauv hauv DNA ntu ntawm cov noob ua rau cov protein sib txawv uas tsis ua haujlwm lossis ua tsis tiav.
Daim duab 01: Kev hloov pauv tsis zoo
Kev hloov pauv tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob caj ces los ntawm kev ua rau cov noob muaj lub luag haujlwm rau cov protein tshwj xeeb. Thalassemia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, thiab Hurler syndrome yog ntau yam kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis zoo.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Missense thiab Nonsense Mutation?
- Kev hloov pauv tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj tseeb yog qhov hloov pauv tau tshwm sim vim yog ib qho kev hloov pauv nucleotide.
- Ob qhov kev hloov pauv ua rau muaj cov protein sib txawv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Missense thiab Nonsense Mutation yog dab tsi?
Missense vs Nonsense Mutation |
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| Missense mutation yog ib qho kev hloov pauv uas ua rau hloov pauv ntawm cov amino acid sib txawv rau hauv cov amino acid raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv nucleotide. | Nonsense mutation yog ib qho kev hloov pauv uas qhia txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm codon rau hauv mRNA raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv nucleotide. |
| Introduction of Stop Codon | |
| Missense mutation tsis qhia qhov nres codon. | Nonsense mutation introduces a stop codon. |
| khoom kawg | |
| Missense mutation ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv amino acid ib ntus. | Kev hloov pauv tsis raug cuam tshuam ua rau luv dua thiab tsis tiav cov khoom lag luam. |
| Kev hloov pauv ntawm Amino Acid sib txawv | |
| Missense mutation hloov pauv cov amino acid sib txawv. | Kev hloov pauv tsis raug tsis hloov pauv cov amino acid sib txawv. |
Summary – Missense vs Nonsense Mutation
Missense thiab nonsense kev hloov pauv yog ob hom kev hloov pauv uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv nucleotide hauv DNA ib ntus. Kev hloov pauv tsis zoo ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov amino acid sib txawv hauv cov amino acid sib lawv liag. Kev hloov pauv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ua rau muaj kev qhia txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm codon rau hauv mRNA ib ntus. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua yuam kev thiab tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv.
Download PDF Version of Missense vs Nonsense Mutation
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li cov ntawv sau tseg. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Missense thiab Nonsense Mutation.
