Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Transmembrane vs Peripheral Proteins
Cov qauv dej mosaic uas tau pom hauv xyoo 1972 los ntawm Singer thiab Nicolson piav qhia txog cov qauv ntawm cov cell membrane thoob ntiaj teb uas nyob ib puag ncig cov hlwb thiab nws cov organelles. Nws tau hloov zuj zus ntau xyoo, thiab nws piav qhia txog cov qauv tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cell membrane. Cov plasma membrane yog cov qauv uas tiv thaiv lub hlwb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, thiab nws muab kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam txawv teb chaws. Raws li cov kua dej mosaic qauv, cov plasma membrane yog tsim los ntawm bilayered lipids nplooj (phospholipids), cholesterol, carbohydrates, thiab proteins. Cov roj (cholesterol) muaj nyob nrog rau lipid bilayer. Cov carbohydrates yog txuas nrog lipids lossis proteins hauv daim nyias nyias. Lub membrane proteins muaj peb hom: ib qho proteins, peripheral proteins, thiab transmembrane proteins. Cov protein sib xyaw ua ke tau muab tso rau hauv daim nyias nyias. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm transmembrane proteins thiab peripheral proteins yog, transmembrane proteins txuas mus rau tag nrho txoj kev hla daim nyias nyias thaum lub peripheral proteins txuas xoob mus rau sab hauv thiab sab nrauv.
Dab tsi yog Transmembrane Protein?
Cov proteins transmembrane yog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov proteins uas txuas mus los ntawm cov cell membrane. Nws txuas mus tas li thiab tuaj yeem pom tag nrho hla ntawm daim nyias nyias. Feem ntau ntawm cov transmembrane proteins ua hauj lwm raws li lub rooj vag uas tso cai rau kev thauj mus los ntawm lwm yam khoom mus rau lub cell sab hauv. Lub transmembrane proteins muaj hydrophobic coils thiab helix uas stabilized nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub lipid bilayer. Cov qauv ntawm transmembrane protein yog muab faib ua peb yam. Lub npe nyob rau hauv lipid bilayer yog hu ua lipid bilayer domain. Lub npe uas pom nyob rau hauv lub cell sab nraud yog hu ua extracellular domain. Lub npe sab hauv hu ua intracellular domain.
Txawm hais tias cov plasma membrane yog cov kua dej, cov kev taw qhia ntawm transmembrane proteins tsis hloov. Cov proteins no loj heev thiab muaj qhov hnyav molecular. Yog li tus nqi ntawm kev hloov kev taw qhia me me heev. Ib feem ntawm lub cev yog ib txwm nyob sab nraud ntawm tes, thiab ib feem ntawm lub cev yog ib txwm nyob hauv lub cell.
Cov proteins transmembrane ua si ntau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cell. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm tes. Lawv taw qhia cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov chaw sab nraud rau lub cell sab hauv. Cov receptors tuaj yeem txuas mus rau cov khoom hauv lub extracellular domain. Thaum cov protein khi rau lub substrates, nws coj geometrical hloov mus rau lub intracellular domain ntawm cov protein. Cov kev hloov pauv no coj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv hauv cov geometry ntawm cov proteins hauv cov cell hauv tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cascade. Cov proteins transmembrane muaj peev xwm ua raws li lub teeb liab transducer rau hauv cell. Lawv pib cov teeb liab uas yog teb rau ib puag ncig sab nraud, thiab nws ua rau cov kev ua uas tshwm sim hauv lwm qhov ntawm tes.
Daim duab 01: Cov Transmembrane Proteins
Cov proteins transmembrane kuj muaj peev xwm tswj kev sib pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub cell membrane. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov kab tshwj xeeb lossis txoj kev hu ua "porins" uas tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm cov cell membrane. Cov porins no tau tswj hwm los ntawm lwm cov proteins uas qee zaum kaw thiab qee zaum qhib. Qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov no yog paj hlwb teeb liab transduction. Ib tug receptor protein yog khi rau ib tug neurotransmitter. Qhov kev khi no tso cai qhib cov ion channel (voltage-gated lossis ligand-gated channels). Thiab nws ua rau cov dej ntws ntawm ions hla cov channel. Yog li ntawd, nws kis paj hlwb impulses. Cov paj hlwb xa hluav taws xob xaim hluav taws xob hu ua qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau los ntawm kev ntws ntawm ions hla lub cell membrane.
Peripheral Protein yog dab tsi?
Cov proteins no tau txuas mus rau lub sijhawm plasma membrane. Lawv yog txuas mus rau lub integral membrane proteins los yog lipid bilayer. Peripheral proteins khi rau lub cell membrane los ntawm hydrogen bonds. Lawv muaj ob peb yam tseem ceeb ua haujlwm lom. Lawv feem ntau ua haujlwm ua cov cell receptors. Qee tus ntawm lawv yog cov enzymes tseem ceeb heev. Raws li lawv nyob hauv cytoskeleton, lawv muab cov duab thiab kev txhawb nqa. Lawv pab txhawb kev txav los ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, thiab microtubules. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev thauj mus los. Lawv nqa cov molecules ntawm lwm cov proteins. Qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog "Cytochrome C," uas nqa electron molecules ntawm cov proteins hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thauj khoom ntawm lub zog tsim.
Daim duab 02: Cov Proteins Peripheral
Yog li, cov proteins nyob rau hauv peripheral tseem ceeb heev rau kev ciaj sia ntawm tes. Thaum lub cell puas, "Cytochrome C" raug tso tawm ntawm lub cell. Qhov no yog coj mus rau apoptosis ntawm lub cell. Qee qhov peripheral enzymes koom nrog hauv cov metabolism; lipoxygenase, alpha-beta hydrolase, phospholipase A thiab C, sphingomyelinase C thiab Ferrochelatase.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Transmembrane thiab Peripheral Proteins?
- ob leeg yog cov protein.
- Ob leeg koom nrog hauv kev thauj mus los molecular.
- Ob leeg pom muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav plasma.
- Ob leeg tseem ceeb heev rau kev ciaj sia ntawm tes.
Qhov txawv ntawm Transmembrane thiab Peripheral Proteins yog dab tsi?
Transmembrane vs Peripheral Proteins |
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| Transmembrane proteins yog cov proteins membrane uas txuas mus rau txhua txoj hauv kev hla lub membrane. | Peripheral proteins yog membrane proteins uas txuas xoob rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud. |
| Transmembrane proteins pab hauv kev taw qhia ntawm tes. | Peripheral proteins tswj cov cell zoo thiab txhawb cell membrane kom tswj nws cov qauv. |
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Nature | |
| Transmembrane proteins yog ib hom ntawm cov proteins. | Peripheral proteins tsis yog ib qho proteins. |
| Transmembrane proteins txuas ntxiv hla cov cell membrane. | Peripheral proteins txuas rau saum npoo sab nraud lossis sab hauv lub cell membrane. |
| Transmembrane proteins txuas mus tas li rau cell membrane (kev taw qhia yog tsau). | Peripheral proteins txuas mus rau ib ntus lossis xoob mus rau cell membrane (kev taw qhia hloov pauv). |
Summary – Transmembrane vs Peripheral Proteins
Cov plasma membrane yog cov qauv uas tiv thaiv lub hlwb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, thiab nws muab kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam txawv teb chaws. Cov kua dej mosaic qauv ntawm plasma membrane piav qhia tias nws yog tsim los ntawm lipid bilayer, cholesterol, carbohydrates, thiab cov proteins. Cov roj (cholesterol) muaj nyob nrog rau lipid bilayer. Cov carbohydrates yog txuas nrog lipids lossis proteins hauv daim nyias nyias. Cov proteins yog peb hom: ib leeg, peripheral thiab transmembrane proteins. Cov proteins tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau hauv daim nyias nyias thiab txuas mus rau txhua txoj hauv kev hla daim nyias nyias. Thiab peripheral proteins yog txuas nrog xoob mus rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm transmembrane thiab peripheral proteins.
Download PDF Version ntawm Transmembrane vs Peripheral Proteins
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