Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev rho tawm thiab kev rho tawm yog qhov kev rho tawm yog txheej txheem uas pab cais cov khoom xav tau los ntawm kev sib tov whereas kev rho tawm yog cov txheej txheem uas pab ua kom huv cov khoom sib xyaw.
Feem ntau ntawm peb feem ntau xav tias ob qho tib si rho tawm thiab kev cais tawm yog tib yam. Tab sis, lawv yog ob theem sib txawv hauv kev sib cais. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev rho tawm thiab kev cais tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom kawg.
Dab tsi yog Extraction?
Kev rho tawm yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txav ib lossis ntau qhov sib txuas ntawm kev txaus siab (kev tshuaj ntsuam) los ntawm lawv qhov chaw qub (feem ntau hu ua tus qauv lossis matrix) mus rau qhov chaw sib cais ntawm lub cev qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntxiv thiab tshuaj xyuas tshwm sim. Yeej, kev rho tawm yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais los ntawm cov khoom, kua lossis roj rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv.
Feem ntau, cov extract mus rau cov kua dej hu ua extracting hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev rho tawm mus rau theem roj thiab cov khoom sorbents kuj muaj qee zaum. Nyob rau hauv ib lub chaw kuaj mob, feem ntau txoj kev extraction yog kua-kua extraction. Peb ua nws nyob rau hauv ib tug cais funnel. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, peb yuav tsum xub yaj cov khoom sib tov nyob rau hauv ib tug haum hnyav. Tom qab ntawd, cov kuab tshuaj extracting uas yog immiscible nrog cov khoom sib xyaw yog ntxiv rau hauv tib lub funnel. Txij li ob lub kua dej tsis sib haum, peb tuaj yeem pom ob txheej hauv qhov funnel.
Daim duab 01: Kev rho tawm siv qhov sib cais
Thaum xaiv cov kuab tshuaj, peb yuav tsum xaiv cov kuab tshuaj uas tuaj yeem yaj tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw thiab ua cov kuab tshuaj rho tawm, peb yuav tsum xaiv cov kuab tshuaj uas dissolves cov tshuaj (cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau muab rho tawm) zoo heev. Yog hais tias peb co lub funnel, lub analyte yuav yaj nyob rau hauv lub extracting hnyav. Tom qab ntawd, peb tuaj yeem cais cov khoom siv los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj extracting siv txoj kev tsim nyog, piv txwv li evaporation, recrystallization.
Kev cais tawm yog dab tsi?
Kev cais tawm yog txheej txheem sib cais uas peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom ua kom huv. Yog li ntawd peb tuaj yeem hu nws "purification" thiab. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, peb tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom txawv teb chaws lossis cov kab mob sib kis txhawm rau txhawm rau cais qhov xav tau. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov ntsiab lus ntshiab, peb tuaj yeem ua cov kev rho tawm.
Daim duab 02: Daim Ntawv Qhia Ua Haujlwm rau Cov Txheej Txheem Tshaj Tawm
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ob peb txoj hauv kev uas peb tuaj yeem siv rau lub hom phiaj no.
- Distillation
- Kev Ua Kom Huv Huv
- Filtration
- Centrifugation
- evaporation
- Crystalization
Qhov txawv ntawm Kev rho tawm thiab kev rho tawm yog dab tsi?
Kev rho tawm yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txav ib lossis ntau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los ntawm cov qauv lossis matrix mus rau qhov chaw sib cais ntawm lub cev qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntxiv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas. Kev rho tawm yog ib qho txheej txheem sib cais uas peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom ua kom huv. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev rho tawm thiab kev rho tawm yog qhov kev rho tawm yog ib qho txheej txheem uas peb tuaj yeem cais cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm kev sib tov whereas kev cais tawm yog cov txheej txheem uas peb siv los ntxuav cov khoom sib xyaw.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm kev rho tawm thiab kev rho tawm yog qhov purity ntawm cov khoom kawg hauv kev rho tawm yog tsawg thaum lub purity ntawm cov khoom kawg yog siab nyob rau hauv kev cais tawm. Qee cov txheej txheem peb tuaj yeem siv rau kev rho tawm suav nrog cov kua-kua extractions siv cais funnels, kua-khoom extractions, thiab lwm yam. Thaum cov txheej txheem rau kev sib cais muaj xws li distillation, affinity purification, pom, thiab lwm yam.
Summary – Extraction vs Isolation
Hauv luv luv, kev rho tawm thiab kev cais tawm yog ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb uas peb tuaj yeem siv los cais cov khoom sib xyaw. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev rho tawm thiab kev rho tawm yog tias kev rho tawm yog ib qho txheej txheem uas peb tuaj yeem cais cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm kev sib xyaw thaum kev sib cais yog cov txheej txheem uas peb siv los ntxuav cov khoom sib xyaw.
