Qhov txawv ntawm deuterium thiab tritium yog tias deuterium nucleus muaj ib lub neutron thaum tritium nucleus muaj ob neutrons.
Hydrogen yog thawj thiab tsawg tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, uas peb denote li H. Nws muaj ib tug electron thiab ib tug proton. Peb tuaj yeem categorize nws nyob rau hauv pawg 1 thiab lub sijhawm 1 nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib tham vim nws cov teeb tsa hluav taws xob: 1s1. Hydrogen tuaj yeem nqa ib qho hluav taws xob los tsim cov ion tsis zoo, lossis tuaj yeem yooj yim pub cov hluav taws xob los tsim cov txiaj ntsig zoo proton. Yog tsis yog, nws tuaj yeem faib cov electron los ua covalent bonds. Vim yog lub peev xwm no, hydrogen yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm molecules, thiab nws yog ib tug heev ntau yam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Hydrogen muaj peb isotopes li protium-1H (tsis muaj neutrons), deuterium-2H (ib neutron) thiab tritium- 3H (ob neutrons). Protium yog qhov ntau tshaj ntawm peb, muaj li ntawm 99% txheeb ze abundance.
Deuterium yog dab tsi?
Deuterium yog ib qho ntawm cov isotopes ntawm hydrogen. Nws yog ib qho isotope ruaj khov nrog 0.015% natural abundance. Muaj ib tug proton thiab ib tug neutron nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm deuterium. Yog li, nws tus lej loj yog ob, thiab tus lej atomic yog ib. Peb hu qhov no isotope li hnyav hydrogen thiab pom li 2H. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, peb sawv cev nrog D.
Daim duab 1: Deuterium
Deuterium tuaj yeem muaj nyob ua ib qho diatomic gaseous molecule nrog cov tshuaj formula D2. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev koom nrog ob lub D atoms hauv qhov xwm txheej yog qhov tsawg vim qhov qis dua ntawm nws. Yog li, cov isotope no feem ntau khi nrog 1H atom ua cov roj-HD (hydrogen deuteride). Tsis tas li ntawd, ob lub deuterium atoms tuaj yeem khi nrog oxygen los tsim cov dej analog D2O, uas peb hu ua dej hnyav.
Ntxiv mus, cov molecules nrog deuterium qhia cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev sib txawv dua li cov hydrogen analog ntawm lawv. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem pom cov nyhuv kinetic isotope. Tsis tas li ntawd, deuterated compounds qhia qhov txawv ntawm NMR, IR thiab huab hwm coj spectroscopy; yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas nws siv cov txheej txheem no. Tsis tas li ntawd, deuterium muaj qhov sib tw ntawm ib qho. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv NMR, qhov sib txuas ntawm no isotope muab ib triplet. Ntxiv mus, nws absorbs IR zaus ntau dua li hydrogen hauv IR spectroscopy. Vim muaj qhov sib txawv loj, hauv huab hwm coj spectroscopy, deuterium tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm hydrogen.
Tritium yog dab tsi?
Tritium yog cov isotope ntawm hydrogen uas nws loj yog peb. Yog li ntawd, lub nucleus ntawm tritium muaj ib tug proton thiab ob neutrons. Nws tsuas yog muaj nyob rau hauv tus lej ntawm qhov xwm txheej vim nws cov xov tooj cua. Vim li no, nws yuav tsum tau tsim khoom siv rau kev siv.
Daim duab 02: Peb Lub Isotopes Loj ntawm Hydrogen
Tritium yog ib qho hluav taws xob isotope (qhov no tsuas yog cov isotope ntawm hydrogen xwb). Nws muaj ib nrab-lub neej ntawm 12 xyoo, thiab nws lwj los ntawm emitting beta particle los tsim helium-3. Lub atomic mass ntawm no isotope yog 3.0160492. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tshwm sim raws li cov pa roj (HT) ntawm tus qauv kub thiab siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov oxide (HTO), uas peb hu ua "tritiated water." Tritium muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim riam phom nuclear thiab ua tus taug qab hauv kev tshawb fawb lom neeg thiab ib puag ncig.
Qhov txawv ntawm Deuterium thiab Tritium yog dab tsi?
Deuterium thiab tritium yog ob isotopes ntawm hydrogen. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm deuterium thiab tritium yog tias deuterium nucleus muaj ib lub neutron thaum tritium nucleus muaj ob lub neutrons. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov loj ntawm deuterium yog 2.0135532 thaum lub loj ntawm tritium yog 3.0160492. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm deuterium thiab tritium.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm deuterium thiab tritium yog tias deuterium yog ib qho isotope ruaj khov thiab peb tuaj yeem pom nws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thaum tritium yog ib qho hluav taws xob isotope uas peb nrhiav tsis tau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem tsim nws cov khoom siv rau kev siv.
Summary – Deuterium vs Tritium
Deuterium thiab tritium yog isotopes ntawm cov tshuaj hydrogen. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm deuterium thiab tritium yog tias Deuterium nucleus muaj ib lub neutron thaum tritium nucleus muaj ob lub neutrons. Ntxiv mus, tritium yog radioactive thaum deuterium yog ib qho isotope ruaj khov.
