Fungi vs Fungus
Lub nceeg vaj fungi yog ib lub nceeg vaj uas tau muab cais los ntawm Whittaker. Lawv yog ib pawg loj, sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw nyob, qhov loj me, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob rau txiv neej (Taylor et al, 1998).
Txawm hais tias cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj fungi yog eukaryotes, uas muaj cov nucleus tiag tiag, lawv tau muab cais tawm ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Lawv muaj lub cev tshwj xeeb, uas tuaj yeem txawv ntawm lwm lub tebchaws (Taylor, 1998). Fungi muaj hyphae, uas yog cov xov zoo li, thiab hyphae tag nrho ua ke hu ua mycelium (pwm).
Fungi tuaj yeem pom muaj cov kab mob unicellular xws li poov xab (Saccharomyces) lossis hauv ntau hom cellular xws li Penicillium. Ob hom fungi muaj cov phab ntsa ntawm tes ua los ntawm chitin, uas yog nitrogen uas muaj polysaccharide (Taylor, 1998). Hyphae tau raug muab cais ua cov hlwb, uas tsis suav tias yog cov hlwb muaj tseeb cais los ntawm septa zoo li hauv Penicillium. Lub nruam protoplasm yog muab faib los ntawm septa tsim cell zoo li compartments. Qee cov fungi zoo li Mucor, uas tsis muaj septa, hu ua non-septate (aseptate) fungi. Cov kab mob fungi no muaj eukaryotic organelles, Golgi lub cev, ribosomes, vacuoles, thiab endoplasmic reticulum.
Fungi muaj cov khoom noj khoom haus heterotrophic vim tias tsis muaj chlorophylls zoo li cov nroj tsuag: lawv tsis yog photoautotrophs. Feem ntau hom fungi yog saprophytic thaum qee hom kab mob parasitic thiab mutualistic hom. Saprophytic kab mob secrete digestive enzymes tawm ntawm lub cev mus rau lub cev tuag thiab nqus cov as-ham. Lawv xav tau cov pa roj carbon, nitrogen thiab inorganic ions xws li Potassium (K+) thiab Magnesium (Mg2+) (Taylor li al, 1998)..
Fungi tuaj yeem yog kab mob saprophytic, kab mob cab lossis kab mob sib kis. Saprophytic fungi tsim ntau lub teeb resistant spores uas tso cai rau nws kis tau dav. Piv txwv li, Mucor thiab Rhizopus muaj peev xwm kis tau zoo. Parasites ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau lawv tus tswv tsev, thiab lawv yuav yog cov lus qhia lossis kev lav phib xaub. Obligate parasites ua rau powdery mildew, downy mildews. Kev sib raug zoo xws li lichens yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm fungi thiab ntsuab algae los yog xiav-ntsuab algae: mycorrhiza yog ib qho kev sib raug zoo ntawm fungi thiab cog cag. Fungi khaws carbohydrate li glycogen, tsis yog hmoov txhuv nplej siab.
Fungi muaj kev sib deev kev sib deev nrog rau kev yug menyuam los ntawm kev sib deev. Fungi raug cais raws li txoj kev ntawm kev yug me nyuam. Zygomycota, Ascomycota, thiab Basidiomycota yog peb phyla ntawm fungi.
Zygomycetes muaj kev sib deev kev sib deev thiab zygospores yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm kev sib deev thiab kev sib deev los ntawm sporangia. Piv txwv rau Zygomycetes yog Mucor, thiab Rhizopus.
Ascomycetes reproduce asexually by budding and sexual reproduction by ascus. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv unicellular rau multicellular daim ntawv. Piv txwv yog Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hauv Basidiomycetes, kev sib deev basidiospores yog tsim thiab hu ua basidia.
Fungi yog siv los ua zaub mov rau tib neeg thiab tseem ua rau cov kab mob ua rau cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Cov kab mob thiab cov fungus muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam, raws li tau hais dhau los.
Qhov txawv ntawm fungi thiab fungus yog dab tsi?
• Fungi yog ntau hom kab mob fungus.
• Thaum nws hu ua fungus, nws feem ntau yog hais txog ib hom kab mob xws li Saccharomyces cerevisiae yog fungus, whereas Mucor, Penicillium thiab Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes yog fungi.
• Fungi muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm lawv, whereas fungus muaj nws tus kheej yam ntxwv.
• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qee cov fungus tej zaum yuav txawv ntawm txhua tus fungi, yog tias nws muaj kev hloov pauv.
