Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm amorphous thiab crystalline khoom yog tias cov crystalline solids muaj kev txiav txim siab ntev ntawm atoms lossis molecules nyob rau hauv cov qauv, whereas amorphous solids tsis tau txiav txim siab ntev.
Peb tuaj yeem faib cov khib nyiab ua ob yam li crystalline thiab amorphous nyob ntawm qhov kev npaj atomic. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si crystalline thiab amorphous daim ntawv. Raws li qhov xav tau, peb tuaj yeem npaj ob hom sib cais.
Amorphous Solid yog dab tsi?
Amorphous khoom yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom uas tsis muaj cov qauv crystalline. Nyob ntawd, nws tsis muaj qhov kev txiav txim ntev ntev ntawm atoms, molecules, lossis ions hauv nws cov qauv. Ntxiv mus, iav, gels, nyias zaj duab xis, yas thiab nanomaterials yog ib co piv txwv ntawm cov khoom no.
Peb ua iav feem ntau nrog xuab zeb (silica / SiO 2), thiab cov hauv paus zoo li sodium carbonate, thiab calcium carbonate. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, cov ntaub ntawv no yaj ua ke, thiab thaum peb txias lawv, cov iav khov sai sai. Thaum txias, cov atoms npaj rau hauv ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb los tsim iav; Yog li, peb hu nws ua amorphous. Txawm li cas los xij, atoms tuaj yeem muaj qhov kev txiav txim luv luv vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.
Daim duab 01: Daim duab qhia pom Crystalline thiab Amorphous Khoom Khoom
Ib yam li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem npaj lwm yam khoom siv amorphous los ntawm cov khoom siv molten txias sai. Amorphous solids tsis muaj qhov taw tes ntse melting. Lawv liquefy dhau ntau qhov kub thiab txias. Amorphous solids zoo li roj hmab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov log tsheb. Cov iav thiab yas siv tau los ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov khoom siv kuaj thiab lwm yam.
Crystalline yog dab tsi?
Crystalline solids lossis crystals tau xaj cov qauv thiab sib luag. Cov atoms, molecules, los yog ions nyob rau hauv crystals teem nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb yam; yog li, muaj kev txiav txim ntev ntev. Nyob rau hauv hom khib nyiab no, muaj ib txwm, rov ua qauv; yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov rov ua dua.
Los ntawm txhais, ib lub siv lead ua yog homogenous chemical compound nrog ib txwm thiab ncua sij hawm ntawm atoms. Piv txwv li, halite, ntsev (NaCl), thiab quartz (SiO2). Tab sis cov khoom siv lead ua tsis txwv rau cov zaub mov: lawv suav nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li qab zib, cellulose, hlau, pob txha thiab txawm tias DNA. C
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov muaju yog cov khoom siv tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb raws li cov pob zeb loj xws li quartz thiab granite. Qee zaum, cov kab mob muaj sia kuj tsim cov muaju. Piv txwv li, calcite yog ib yam khoom los ntawm mollusks. Muaj dej-raws li crystals nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daus, dej khov los yog glaciers.
Daim duab 02: Ib Lub Cev Muaj Zog
Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem faib cov crystals raws li lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Piv txwv li, covalent crystals (piv txwv li: pob zeb diamond), metallic crystals (piv txwv li: pyrite), ionic crystals (piv txwv li: sodium chloride) thiab molecular crystals (piv txwv li: qab zib). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv lead ua no tuaj yeem muaj cov duab sib txawv thiab xim. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj, thiab qee cov neeg ntseeg tias lawv muaj peev xwm kho tau zoo; Yog li, lawv siv cov khoom siv lead ua no los ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
Qhov txawv ntawm Amorphous thiab Crystalline Khoom yog dab tsi?
Amorphous thiab crystalline solids txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li lawv cov qauv tshuaj. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm amorphous thiab crystalline khoom yog tias cov crystalline solids muaj kev txiav txim siab ntev ntawm atoms lossis molecules nyob rau hauv cov qauv, whereas amorphous solids tsis tau txiav txim siab ntev. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv crystalline solids, muaj ib tug rov qab unit, uas ua rau tag nrho cov qauv, tab sis rau amorphous solids, ib tug rov qab unit tsis tau teev.
Qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm amorphous thiab crystalline solids, crystalline solids muaj ib tug ntse melting point, tab sis amorphous solids tsis. Tsis tas li ntawd, crystalline solids yog anisotropic (cov khoom sib txawv hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv), tab sis cov khoom amorphous yog isotropic (cov khoom muaj tib yam hauv txhua qhov kev qhia).
Summary – Amorphous vs Crystalline Solid
Cov khoom muaj nyob hauv peb hom xws li amorphous, semi-crystalline thiab crystalline solids. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm amorphous thiab crystalline khoom yog tias cov crystalline solids muaj kev txiav txim siab ntev ntawm atoms lossis molecules nyob rau hauv cov qauv, whereas amorphous solids tsis tau txiav txim siab ntev.
