Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Amorphous vs Crystalline Polymers
Lo lus "polymer" tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog cov khoom tsim tawm los ntawm ntau qhov rov ua dua tshiab uas tau txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm kev sib txuas tshuaj. Ib qho polymer molecule yuav muaj ntau lab ntawm cov molecules me me los yog rov ua dua tshiab uas hu ua monomers. Polymers yog cov molecules loj heev uas muaj qhov hnyav molecular. Monomers yuav tsum muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus lossis tsawg kawg yog ob pawg ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau npaj ua cov polymer. Qhov ob daim ntawv cog lus los yog ob pawg ua haujlwm pab cov monomer txuas ob lub monomers ntxiv, thiab cov monomers txuas nrog no kuj muaj pawg ua haujlwm kom nyiam cov monomers ntau dua. Lub polymer yog tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev no thiab cov txheej txheem no hu ua polymerization. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm polymerization yog macromolecule lossis cov saw hlau polymer. Cov saw hlau polymer no tuaj yeem npaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua cov qauv molecular ntawm polymer. Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem yog amorphous lossis crystalline. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm amorphous thiab crystalline polymers yog lawv cov qauv molecular. Amorphous polymers tsis muaj kev npaj tshwj xeeb lossis tus qauv thaum crystalline polymers yog cov txheej txheem molecular zoo.
Dab tsi yog Molecular Structures ntawm Polymers
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qee qhov tseeb txog cov qauv molecular ntawm polymers ua ntej nyeem ntxiv txog qhov sib txawv ntawm amorphous thiab crystalline polymers. Polymer chains tuaj yeem npaj tau peb txoj hauv kev hu ua syndiotactic, isotactic lossis atactic yam. Syndiotactic txhais tau hais tias sab pawg ntawm cov saw hlau polymer yog txheej txheem hloov. Hauv isotactic kev npaj, cov pab pawg sab yog nyob ntawm tib sab. Tab sis kev npaj atactic qhia tau hais tias muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov pab pawg sab hauv raws cov saw hlau polymer.
Amorphous Polymer yog dab tsi?
Ib qho amorphous polymer tsis muaj cov qauv tsim hauv nws cov qauv molecular. Amorphous polymers yog tsim tawm feem ntau ntawm cov saw hlau atactic polymer. Qhov no ua rau tsis muaj crystallinity. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib tug tsis muaj zog qauv. Txij li cov qib ntawm crystallinity tsis tuaj lossis crystallinity tsis tuaj yog amorphous polymers, lawv muaj qhov ntom ntom piv rau crystalline polymers. Yog li ntawd, tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsawg thiab yog pob tshab. Muaj qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov saw hlau polymer vim tsis muaj cov qauv tsim.
Piv txwv ntawm amorphous polymers muaj xws li polyethylene, PVC, thiab lwm yam. Lub degree ntawm crystallinity yog cuam tshuam los ntawm polymerization thiab ntau lawm txheej txheem. Amorphous polymers yuav muaj crystallinity nrog tsim ntawm crystallites los yog txiav txim qhov chaw. Cov no yog softer thiab tsis tshua muaj resistant rau hnyav nkag.
Crystalline Polymer yog dab tsi?
Crystalline qauv qhia tau hais tias ib txwm kab-up polymer molecules. Crystalline polymers muaj cov qauv txiav txim uas yog tsim los ntawm syndiotactic thiab isotactic polymer chains. Cov qauv txiav txim no ua rau cov polymer ua translucent. Tseem muaj zog attraction zog ntawm molecules. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tshuaj resistant thiab muaj ib tug siab ceev piv rau amorphous polymers. Txawm hais tias crystalline polymers raug txiav txim zoo, tuaj yeem muaj qhov chaw amorphous ib yam nkaus. Yog li ntawd, cov polymers no hu ua semi-crystalline cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov khoom siv yas, xws li nylon thiab lwm yam polyamides muaj cov qauv crystallized. Lwm cov piv txwv muaj xws li linear polyethylene, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), polypropylene, thiab lwm yam. Cov no yog cov qauv nruj thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj nkag mus.
Daim duab 01: Molecular chains hauv amorphous thiab semicrystalline polymers
Qhov txawv ntawm Amorphous Polymers thiab Crystalline Polymers yog dab tsi?
Amorphous vs Crystalline Polymers |
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| Amorphous polymers yog cov polymers uas tsis muaj cov qauv txiav txim hauv nws cov qauv molecular. | Crystalline polymers yog cov polymers uas muaj cov qauv zoo. |
| Morphology | |
| Amorphous polymers yog tsim los ntawm atactic polymer chains. | Crystalline polymers yog tsim los ntawm syndiotactic thiab isotactic polymer chains. |
| Txhob Cia Siab | |
| Amorphous polymers muaj zog tsis muaj zog ntawm cov saw hlau polymer. | Crystalline polymers muaj zog txaus nyiam ntawm cov saw hlau polymer. |
| Ntxhais | |
| Amorphous polymers muaj qhov ntom ntom. | Crystalline polymers muaj qhov ntom ntom. |
| tshuaj tiv thaiv | |
| Amorphous polymers muaj tshuaj lom neeg tsawg. | Crystalline polymers muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv siab. |
| polymer chains | |
| Polymer chains yog teem rau hauv ib qho atactic yam nyob rau hauv amorphous polymers. | Polymer chains yog teem rau hauv syndiotactic thiab isotactic yam hauv crystalline polymers. |
| Zoo | |
| Amorphous polymers yog pob tshab. | Crystalline polymers yog translucent |
Summary - Amorphous Polymers vs Crystalline Polymers
Txhua cov polymers muaj qee qhov crystallinity uas yog qhov sib txawv ntawm amorphous thiab crystalline polymers. Amorphous polymers muaj qhov qis ntawm crystallinity thaum crystalline polymers muaj qib siab ntawm crystallinity. Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom ntawm ib lub polymer yuav nyob ntawm qhov degree ntawm crystallinity.
