Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm crystalline thiab noncrystalline solids yog tias crystalline solids muaj ib qho sib npaug ntawm peb-dimensional kev npaj ntawm atoms, ions, los yog molecules whereas non-crystalline solids tsis muaj ib tug zoo sib xws ntawm particles.
Crystalline Solids thiab Non-crystalline Solids yog ob pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov khib nyiab uas qhia qee qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev npaj ntawm cov khoom siv thiab lwm yam khoom. Lawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov geometry thiab lwm yam khoom siv lub cev ib yam nkaus.
Crystalline Solids yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv crystalline solids, constituent hais (atoms, molecules los yog ions) teem nyob rau hauv peb-dimensional periodic yam. Lawv khi nrog ib leeg ntawm dav hlau lossis ntsej muag. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws rov ua dua chav nyob hauv cov khib nyiab no yog "unit cell". Tag nrho cov chav tsev cell nyob rau hauv ib yam khoom yog zoo tib yam thiab rov ua dua. Piv txwv li; chav cell zoo li cib hauv phab ntsa.
Pob zeb diamond thiab Graphite: Piv txwv ntawm Crystalline Solids
Crystalline solids kuj tau categorized raws li nram no.
| Type | Cov ntsiab lus | Inter molecular Forces | Properties |
| Ionic Solids (Table ntsev - NaCl) | zoo thiab tsis zoo ions | Electrostatic attractions | cov ntsiab lus melting siab heev, Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis zoo, nkig |
| Molecular Solids (Sucrose) | Atoms thiab molecules | London dispersion rog thiab Dipole-Dipole attractions, Hydrogen bonds | Tsawg melting point, Flexible, tsis zoo conductors |
| Covalent Network (graphite, pob zeb diamond) | Atoms | Covalent bonds, Tsis muaj zog London rog | Cov ntsiab lus melting siab thiab kub heev, Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis zoo |
| Metallic Solids | hlau atoms | Metallic bonds | High melting point, Mos-malleable, nyuaj heev, zoo conductors |
Noncrystalline Solids yog dab tsi?
Non- crystalline solids yog "amorphous solids". Tsis zoo li crystalline solids, lawv tsis muaj qhov tseeb geometrical duab. Cov atoms hauv cov khib nyiab ntim ze ua ke dua li hauv cov kua thiab cov pa. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov khoom tsis-crystalline, cov khoom muaj kev ywj pheej me ntsis rau kev txav mus los vim lawv tsis tau npaj nruj zoo li hauv lwm cov khib nyiab. Cov khib nyiab no tsim tom qab txias txias ntawm cov kua. Cov piv txwv feem ntau yog yas thiab iav.
Qhov txawv ntawm Crystalline thiab Noncrystalline Solids yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv crystalline solids, constituent hais (atoms, molecules los yog ions) teem nyob rau hauv peb-dimensional periodic yam. Non-crystalline solids tsis muaj qhov sib xws ntawm cov khoom. Yog li, cov khoom tsis-crystalline yog amorphous solids. Hais txog cov geometry ntawm cov khib nyiab no, crystalline solids muaj ib tug zoo-txhais geometrical zoo vim hais tias ntawm lub niaj zaus kev npaj ntawm chav tsev cell, tsis zoo li Non-crystalline solids uas tsis muaj zoo-txhais geometrical duab. Tsis tas li ntawd, crystalline solids muaj ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab thaum cov khoom tsis-crystalline muaj qhov luv luv.
Crystalline solids muaj tus nqi ruaj khov rau cov cua sov ntawm fusion thiab qhov tseeb melting point. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom tsis-crystalline tsis muaj tus nqi ruaj khov rau cov cua sov ntawm fusion thiab lawv yaj dhau ntau yam. Ntxiv mus, crystalline solids yog cov khoom muaj tseeb. Lawv qhia tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov khoom khib nyiab. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, Non-crystalline solids tsis qhia tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov khib nyiab. Yog li ntawd, lawv hu ua "pseudo solids". Lub zog nyob rau hauv crystalline solids yog qis dua qhov uas tsis yog-crystalline solids.
Summary – Crystalline vs Noncrystalline Solids
Ob pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom yog crystalline Solids thiab Non-crystalline Solids. Qhov sib txawv ntawm crystalline thiab noncrystalline solids yog tias crystalline solids muaj ib tug sib npaug zos faib peb-dimensional kev npaj ntawm atoms, ions, los yog molecules whereas non-crystalline solids tsis muaj ib tug zoo sib xws ntawm particles.
