Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm substrate thiab qhov chaw nquag yog tias lub substrate yog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom neeg thaum lub chaw ua haujlwm yog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm ib qho enzyme.
Enzymes yog cov khoom siv roj ntsha. Cov no yog cov proteins uas tuaj yeem txo qhov ua kom lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj kom txo tau lub zog tiv thaiv ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Li no, nws tuaj yeem nce tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub reactant ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas enzymes koom nrog yog "substrate". Qhov no substrate khi nrog lub active site ntawm lub enzyme. Cov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim muaj. Thaum kawg, nws tso cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Dab tsi yog substrate?
Lub substrate yog cov reactant ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas dhau los ntawm kev hloov tshuaj lom neeg los muab cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Peb soj ntsuam qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov sib xyaw no txhawm rau txiav txim siab tus nqi tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov enzymes ua rau cov tshuaj no hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic. Thaum muaj ib lub substrate molecule, nws khi nrog lub enzyme, nyob rau hauv lub active site ntawm lub enzyme. Tom qab ntawd, enzyme-substrate complex forms. Ces nws undergoes cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum kawg, nws hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom. Cov khoom no ces tso tawm ntawm qhov chaw nquag. Tab sis yog tias muaj ntau tshaj ib lub substrate, lawv yuav khi nrog lub chaw nquag hauv ib qho kev txiav txim. Tom qab ntawd lawv yuav teb ua ke los muab cov khoom kawg.
Daim duab 01: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau Enzymes
Yog tias lub substrate muab cov khoom xim thaum kawg, peb hais tias lub substrate yog "chromogenic". Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias nws ua rau cov khoom fluorescent, peb hais tias nws yog "fluorogenic". Txawm hais tias enzymes, feem ntau ntawm cov sij hawm, yog cov substrate tshwj xeeb, qee cov enzymes tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog ntau hom substrates.
Lub Vev Xaib yog dab tsi?
Qhov chaw nquag ntawm ib qho enzyme yog thaj av uas lub substrate khi nrog cov enzyme ua ntej nws nkag mus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaj chaw no muaj ob qhov chaw tseem ceeb; qhov chaw sib txuas thiab catalytic site. Lub chaw khi muaj cov seem uas cov reactants tuaj yeem khi ib ntus. Ntxiv mus, nws muaj cov seem uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov chaw catalytic. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj tsam ntawm cov enzyme no tsawg heev piv rau tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov enzyme. Feem ntau, qhov chaw ua haujlwm muaj peb mus rau plaub cov amino acids.
Daim duab 02: Lub Chaw Ua Haujlwm ntawm Ib Tug Enzyme
Cov chaw nquag yog tshwj xeeb rau cov substrates. Nws txhais tau hais tias txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm muaj cov duab tshwj xeeb uas haum rau ib qho substrate. Kev npaj ntawm cov amino acids hauv cheeb tsam no txiav txim siab qhov tshwj xeeb no. Qee zaum, enzymes khi nrog qee cov cofactors los pab rau lawv txoj haujlwm catalytic. Cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm los ntawm cov chaw nquag.
Qhov txawv ntawm Substrate thiab Active Site yog dab tsi?
Ib substrate yog cov reactant ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas dhau los ntawm kev hloov tshuaj lom neeg los muab cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj no tau hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib tug tshuaj compound uas ua raws li cov reactant ntawm ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub chaw ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho enzyme yog thaj av uas lub substrate khi nrog cov enzyme ua ntej nws nkag mus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj. Cov cheeb tsam no hloov cov substrates rau hauv cov khoom ntawm tus nqi qis dua. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws yog ib cheeb tsam uas muaj peb mus rau plaub cov amino acids uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Summary – Substrate vs Active Site
Substrate thiab active site yog ob nqe lus uas peb siv hais txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic uas koom nrog cov enzymes ua cov catalyst. Qhov sib txawv ntawm substrate thiab active site yog hais tias lub substrate yog ib tug tshuaj compound uas muaj peev xwm mus rau ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lub active site yog ib cheeb tsam ntawm ib tug enzyme.
