Qhov txawv ntawm Allyl thiab Vinyl

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Allyl vs Vinyl

Ob pawg allyl thiab vinyl muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws nrog qhov sib txawv me me. Ob pawg muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ob lub atoms uas tag nrho lwm cov atoms tau sib koom ua ke los ntawm ib daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob yam khoom siv no yog tus naj npawb ntawm carbon thiab hydrogen atoms. Allyl pawg muaj peb carbon atoms thiab tsib hydrogen atoms whereas vinyl pawg muaj ob carbon atoms thiab peb hydrogen atoms. Cov pab pawg -R hauv cov qauv tuaj yeem yog ib pab pawg uas muaj pes tsawg tus atoms nrog txhua hom kev sib cog lus.

Allyl Group yog dab tsi?

Ib pawg allyl yog qhov hloov pauv nrog cov qauv qauv H₂C=CH-CH_{2-R; qhov twg -R yog qhov seem ntawm cov molecule. Yog li ntawd, pawg allyl yog ib feem ntawm cov molecule uas sib npaug rau propane molecule tom qab tshem tawm ib qho hydrogen atom los ntawm peb Carbon atom. Lub atom hydrogen yog hloov los ntawm lwm pab pawg -R los tsim ib lub molecule. Lo lus 'allyl' yog lo lus Latin siv rau qej, Allium sativum. Txij li thaum ib qho allyl derivative yog thawj zaug cais los ntawm qej roj, nws tau hu ua "Schwefellallyl" los ntawm Theodor Wertheim hauv xyoo 1844.}

Vimyl Group yog dab tsi?

Cov pawg alkenyl ua haujlwm vinyl tseem hu ua ethenyl (-CH=CH₂); Nws yog sib npaug rau ib qho ethylene molecule (CH₂=CH₂) tom qab tshem tawm ib qho atom hydrogen. Qhov tshem tawm -H atom tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm lwm pab pawg ntawm cov atoms los tsim cov molecule (R−CH=CH_{2). Cov pab pawg no tseem ceeb heev hauv qee cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.}

Qhov txawv ntawm Allyl thiab Vinyl yog dab tsi?

qauv

Allyl: Thaum ib lub atom hydrogen raug tshem tawm ntawm peb cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm propane molecule, nws yog sib npaug rau ib pawg allyl. Nws muaj ob sp² hybridized carbon atoms thiab ib sp³ hybridized carbon atom. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog tus choj methylene (-CH₂-) txuas rau pawg vinyl (-CH=CH_2).

Vinyl: Cov qauv ntawm ib pawg vinyl yog sib npaug rau pawg molecular thaum ib qho hydrogen atom raug tshem tawm ntawm ib qho ethene molecule. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem hu ua ethenyl pawg. Nws muaj ob sp^{2 hybridized carbon atoms thiab peb hydrogen atoms. Qhov tshem tawm hydrogen atom tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm txhua pab pawg ntawm cov molecules, thiab nws txhais tau tias yog -R.}

Examples of Derivatives

Allyl: Allyl pawg tsim cov tshuaj ruaj khov thaum sib txuas nrog. Nws tsim cov tebchaw hauv ntau qhov chaw xws li cov organic tebchaw, biochemical compounds, thiab hlau complexes.

Organic Compounds:

Allyl Alcohol: H₂C=CH-CH_{2OH (niam txiv ntawm allylic alcohols)}

Allyl Chloride: Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov hloov pauv ntawm niam txiv allyl pawg. Piv txwv yog trans -but-2-en-1-yl lossis crotyl pawg (CH₃CH=CH-CH_2-).

Biochemistry:

Dimethylallyl Pyrophosphate: Nws yog nyob rau hauv biosynthesis ntawm terpenes.

Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate: Nws yog homoallylic isomer ntawm dimethylallyl compound. Nws kuj yog siv los ua tus ^{precursor rau ntau yam khoom ntuj xws li roj hmab ntuj.}

Hlau Complexes:

Allyl ligands khi rau cov chaw hlau hlau los ntawm nws peb cov pa roj carbon atom. Ib qho piv txwv yog; Allyl Palladium Chloride.

Vinyl: Feem ntau ntawm cov yas derivatives yog siv hauv kev lag luam polymer. Piv txwv yog; Vinyl Chloride, Vinyl Fluoride, Vinyl Acetate, Vinylidene, thiab Vinylene.

Siv:

Allyl: Allyl compounds muaj ntau yam thiab siv ntau qhov chaw. Piv txwv li; Allyl chloride yog siv los tsim cov yas thiab siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev alkylating.

Vinyl: Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv yas yog vinyl chloride (CH_{2=CH-Cl). Nws yog siv los ua tus thawj coj los tsim cov polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Nws yog qhov thib peb feem ntau tsim cov yas yas ntau yam hauv ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog siv los tsim vinyl fluoride thiab vinyl acetate los tsim ob lwm cov polymers; polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) thiab polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) feem.}

hnab looj tes yas yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj vim nws tsis zoo rau ntau cov tshuaj, tsis yooj yim, thiab elasticity.

Definition:

^{Precursor: precursor yog ib yam khoom uas koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua rau lwm cov compound.}