Key Difference – S vs P Block Elements
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm s thiab p thaiv cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem piav qhia tau zoo tshaj plaws siv lawv cov teeb tsa hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv s thaiv cov ntsiab lus, lub xeem electron nyob rau hauv s subshell thiab nyob rau hauv p block ntsiab, lub xeem electron nyob rau hauv p subshell. Thaum lawv tsim ions; s thaiv cov ntsiab lus tshem tawm lawv cov electrons los ntawm sab nraud ntawm lub subshell yooj yim whereas p block ntsiab txais electrons rau p subshell los yog tshem tawm electrons los ntawm p-subshell. Qee lub ntsiab lus hauv p-pawg tsim cov ions zoo tshem tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm sab nraud p-subshell thiab qee cov ntsiab lus (cov ntsiab lus electronegative feem ntau) tsim cov ions tsis zoo lees txais ib qho hluav taws xob los ntawm lwm tus. Thaum koj xav txog cov khoom siv tshuaj, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm s thiab p thaiv cov ntsiab lus; Qhov no yog qhov pib vim qhov teeb tsa hluav taws xob.
S-block Elements yog dab tsi?
S-block ntsiab yog cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg I thiab pab pawg II nyob rau hauv lub periodic table. Txij li thaum s subshell tuaj yeem ua tau tsuas yog ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov ntsiab lus no feem ntau muaj ib qho (pawg I) lossis ob (pawg II) electrons nyob rau hauv lub plhaub sab nraud. Cov ntsiab lus hauv pawg I thiab II tau qhia saum toj no hauv lub rooj.
| IA | II A | |
| 2 | Li | Nyob |
| 3 | Na | Mg |
| 4 | K | Ca |
| 5 | Rb | Sr |
| 6 | Cs | Ba |
| 7 | Fr | Ra |
| IA | Alkali hlau |
| II A | Alkaline ntiaj teb hlau |
Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus hauv s-block tsim cov ions zoo thiab lawv muaj zog heev.
Qhov kev tso kawm ntawm S-block cov ntsiab lus hauv Lub Sijhawm Sijhawm
P-block Elements yog dab tsi?
P-thaiv cov ntsiab lus yog cov ntsiab lus uas nws lub xeem electron sau rau hauv p subshell. Muaj peb lub p-orbitals; Txhua lub orbital tuaj yeem haum ob lub electrons, ua rau tag nrho ntawm rau p-electrons. Yog li ntawd, p-block ntsiab muaj ib mus rau rau p-electrons nyob rau hauv lawv lub plhaub sab nraud. P-block muaj ob qho tib si hlau thiab tsis yog hlau; Tsis tas li ntawd muaj qee qhov metalloids ib yam nkaus.
| 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
| 2 | B | C | N | O | F | Ne |
| 3 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | G | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Nyob | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Tl | Pb | Bi | po | Ntawm | Rn |
Qhov txawv ntawm S thiab P thaiv Elements yog dab tsi?
Common Electron Configuration:
S-block Elements: S-block cov ntsiab lus muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xws ntawm [noble gas]ns1 (rau pawg I ntsiab) thiab [noble gas] ns 2 (rau pab pawg II ntsiab lus).
P-block Elements: P-block cov ntsiab lus muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau ntawm [noble gas]ns2 np1-6. Tab sis, helium muaj 1s2 configuration; Nws yog ib qho xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Oxidation States:
S-block Elements: S-block ntsiab tsis qhia ntau lub xeev oxidation zoo li p-block ntsiab. Piv txwv li, pawg I hais qhia +1 lub xeev oxidation thiab pab pawg II qhia +2 oxidation xeev.
P-block Elements: Tsis zoo li cov ntsiab lus s-block, p-thaiv cov ntsiab lus muaj lub xeev oxidation zoo rau lawv cov pab pawg hauv lub sijhawm thiab qee qhov ntxiv oxidation xeev nyob ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm ion.
| Group | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| General electron configuration | ns2np1 | ns2np2 | ns2np3 | ns2np4 | ns2np5 | ns2np6 |
| 1st tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg | Nyob | C | N | O | F | |
| Tus lej oxidation ntau | +3 | +4 | +5 | -2 | -1 | 0 |
| Lwm lub xeev oxidation | +1 | +2, -4 | +3, -3 | +4, +2, | +3, +5, +1, +7 | – |
Properties:
S-block Elements: Feem ntau, tag nrho cov s-block ntsiab yog hlau. Lawv yog cov ci ntsa iab, zoo hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab yooj yim tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob ntawm lub plhaub valence. Lawv yog cov reactive tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub periodic table.
P-block Elements: Feem ntau ntawm p-block ntsiab yog cov hlau tsis yog hlau. Lawv muaj cov ntsiab lus boiling tsawg, tsis zoo conductors thiab nyuaj tshem tawm electrons los ntawm lub plhaub sab nraud. Hloov chaw, lawv tau txais electrons. Qee qhov tsis yog hlau yog cov khib nyiab (C, P, S, Se) ntawm chav tsev kub thaum qee qhov yog cov pa roj (Oxygen, Nitrogen). Bromine yog ib yam uas tsis yog-hlau, thiab nws yog kua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub.
Ntxiv rau, p-block muaj qee yam khoom siv hlau; aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), thiab bismuth (Bi).
