Mitochondria vs Plastids
Mitochondria (cov lus - mitochondrion) thiab plastids yog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm daim nyias nyias uas nyob hauv cov hlwb eukaryotic (cov cell uas muaj cov nucleus). Mitochondrion yog qhov chaw uas cell siv cov piam thaj molecules los tsim lub zog siab uas muaj cov molecules hu ua adenosine triphosphate (ATP), thiab cov txheej txheem hu ua pa. Plastids koom nrog hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm kev nqus lub hnub ci rau lawv cov xim ntsuab xim chlorophyll thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov suab thaj, thiab cov txheej txheem hu ua photosynthesis. Ob leeg no organelles muaj lawv tus kheej DNA thiab me me (70s) ribosomes. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias mitochondria thiab plastids tau tshwm sim 1.5-1.6 billion xyoo dhau los los ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim hu ua endosymbiosis. Qhov ntawd yog prokaryotic cell (cov cell uas tsis muaj cov nucleus) engulfs cov kab mob photosynthetic thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub cell. Txawm li cas los xij, cov plastids no tsis tshwm sim hauv cov tsiaj, fungi lossis prokaryotic hlwb.
Plastids
Plastids pib tshwm sim hauv cov hlwb, hauv lawv daim ntawv tsis muaj npe hu ua proplastids. Nyob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, lawv tau muab faib ua ntau hom xws li Chloroplast, amyloplasts, chromoplasts, lossis leucoplasts. Chloroplast yog hom plastid ntau tshaj plaws thiab muaj nyob hauv txhua qhov ntsuab ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab algae. Amyloplasts yog lwm hom plastids uas khaws cov suab thaj polymerized (starch) ua granules. Cov no muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg uas tsis yog-photosynthetic zoo li cov hauv paus hniav, tawv ntoo, thiab ntoo. Muaj lwm hom plastids hu ua chromoplasts uas muab xim rau ntau yam ntaub so ntswg. Cov xim yog tsim los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov xim sib txawv lipids hauv plastids. Ua piv txwv ci liab xim hauv txiv apples, txiv kab ntxwv xim hauv txiv kab ntxwv thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov xim tsis muaj plastids hauv cytoplasm. Lawv tuaj yeem yog proplastids lossis amyloplasts. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov plastids tsis muaj xim no hu ua leucoplast.
YMitochondria
Cells khaws lub zog ua cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab lossis suab thaj. Thaum cov hlwb xav tau lub zog lawv hloov cov molecules rau hauv ATP hauv mitochondria. Mitochondria muaj ob daim nyias nyias hu ua txheej membrane thiab sab hauv daim nyias nyias. Cov txheej membrane muab cov duab thiab rigidity rau lub organelle. Sab hauv daim nyias nyias yog cov qauv folded heev uas tsim cov nplooj ntawv lossis cov hlab hu ua cristae (singular, crista). Ntau cov enzymes xav tau rau kev ua pa yog nyob rau hauv cristae. Cov kua hauv nruab nrab ntawm cristae hu ua matrix.
Qhov txawv ntawm Mitochondria thiab Plastids yog dab tsi?
Muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub cev;
• Plastids tshwm sim tsuas yog hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab algae hlwb, tab sis mitochondria muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hlwb eukaryotic.
• Mitochondria me dua li chloroplasts: Mitochondrion yog li 1μm inch thiab ntev txog 5μm, whereas, chloroplast yog 4-6 μm inch.
• Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm mitochondria yog lub cev ua pa ntawm tes, tab sis plastids koom nrog ntau txoj haujlwm xws li kev tsim cov suab thaj thiab khaws cia ib ntus xws li hmoov txhuv nplej siab, khaws cia cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab lipids.
• Tus naj npawb ntawm mitochondria ib lub xov tooj ntau dua li ntawm cov chloroplasts. Qhov ntawd yog mitochondria ib lub cell feem ntau yog 100-10, 000, whereas chloroplasts ib lub cell yog li ntawm 50.
• Ob leeg tuaj yeem tsim lawv cov ntawv luam los ntawm kev faib.
Nyeem ntxiv:
1. Qhov txawv ntawm Mitochondrial DNA thiab Nuclear DNA
