Obstructive vs Restrictive Lung Disease
Cov kab mob ntsws tsis muaj zog ua rau cov hlab ntsws thaiv thaum cov kab mob ntsws tsis muaj peev xwm nthuav dav lossis poob ntawm lub ntsws elastic ntawm lub ntsws. Cov kab mob uas obstructive ntsws muaj xws li mob hawb pob, bronchitis, bronchiectasis thiab chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cov kab mob ntsws uas txwv tsis pub muaj yog cystic fibrosis thiab lwm yam ua rau mob ntsws ntsws. Cystic fibrosis qhia qee qhov nta nrog obstructive ntsws kab mob tab sis raug suav hais tias yog ib qho kab mob ntsws uas txwv tsis pub raws li pathophysiology. Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si obstructive thiab txwv cov kab mob ntsws muaj qee cov tsos mob, cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob, thiab kev kho mob, muaj kev hloov me ntsis thiab. Kab lus no yuav tham txog cov uas nthuav dav.
Dab tsi yog Obstructive Lung Disease?
Cov kab mob ntsws uas muaj ntau tshaj yog mob hawb pob, mob ntsws, mob ntsws, thiab COPD.
mob hawb pob cuam tshuam txog 5-8% ntawm cov pejxeem. Feem ntau cov me nyuam hawb pob loj hlob tawm los yog raug kev txom nyem tsawg dua li cov neeg laus. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov rov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsis taus pa, hnoos, thiab hawb pob tshwm sim los ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm txoj hlab pa. Peb yam ua rau txoj hlab ntsws nqaim: bronchial nqaij contraction tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam stimuli, mucosal o / mob tshwm sim los ntawm mast hlwb thiab basophil degranulation uas ua rau tso tawm ntawm inflammatory mediators, thiab nce mucus ntau lawm. Cov huab cua txias, kev tawm dag zog, kev xav, kev ua xua, kab mob, thiab tshuaj ua rau lub sijhawm. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub dav hlau hloov txhua hnub thiab nws yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau kev tawm tsam tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm no ntawm hnub. Acid reflux yog txuam nrog mob hawb pob. Spirometry, daim tawv nqaij prick test rau allergens, thiab hauv siab x ray feem ntau ua. Bronchodilators thiab steroids li inhalers, ntsiav tshuaj los yog, thaum muaj xwm ceev, raws li kev npaj cov hlab ntsha tej zaum yuav muab raws li kev kho mob.
Bronchitis yog mob ntawm cov pa loj. Nws feem ntau yog kab mob los yog kab mob. Tus neeg mob muaj hnoos, ua pa luv, hnoos qeev, thiab qee zaum ua npaws. Muaj cov kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsha vim kev tsim cov hnoos qeev thiab cov leeg nqaij bronchial contraction. Cov kab mob bronchitis yog kho nrog chav nqus pa, bronchodilators thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Bronchiectasis yog vim muaj kab mob ntev ntawm bronchi thiab bronchioles ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam mus tas li ntawm cov hlab cua. Heamophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus thiab Pseudomonas aeruginosa yog cov culprits ib txwm. Cov hluas syndrome, thawj ciliary dyskinesia, cystic fibrosis, Kartergener syndrome, bronchial obstructive vim qog, thiab txawv teb chaws lub cev thiab allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis tuaj yeem ua rau bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis nta hnoos tsis tu ncua, hnoos qeev, ua tsis taus pa, ntiv tes qws. Nws raug kho nrog kev tso zis ntawm cov hnoos qeev, tshuaj tua kab mob, bronchodilators thiab steroids.
Tus kab mob ntsws ntsws ntev (COPD) muaj ob lub chaw kho mob zoo sib xws; bronchitis ntev (ntev ntev ntawm cov hlab ntsws loj uas ua rau hnoos thiab hnoos qeev feem ntau hnub ntawm 3 lub hlis ntawm ob xyoos sib law liag) thiab emphysema (poob elastic recoil ntawm lub ntsws thiab histologically, qhov loj ntawm txoj hlab ntsws me dua li qhov kawg ntawm bronchioles thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm phab ntsa ntawm alveoli.). Cov neeg mob yuav muaj mob hawb pob lossis COPD tab sis tsis yog ob qho tib si. Yog tias tus neeg mob muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 35 xyoos, muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, ua kom muaj cov hnoos qeev ntev, hnoos, ua tsis taus pa tsis muaj qhov txawv txav txhua hnub, COPD yuav zoo li. NICE (National Institute for He althcare Excellence) pom zoo lub npe COPD. Kev haus luam yeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb txaus ntshai rau COPD. Txoj kev nyiam tsim COPD nce nrog tus naj npawb ntawm cov luam yeeb haus luam yeeb thiab txhua tus neeg haus luam yeeb tau txais COPD.
Cov tib neeg uas ua haujlwm hauv cov mines kub, cov mines thee, cov nroj tsuag textile, kuj tseem tuaj yeem tau txais COPD vim yog cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov plua plav ua rau lub xeev siab ntawm cov pa tawm. Zoo ib yam li cov pa luam yeeb cov molecules no ua rau kom cov pa tawm hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab ua rau cov hlab ntsha txhaws. Tsis muaj kev kho rau COPD txawm tias nws tswj tau. Cov mob hnyav heev raug kho ntawm cov chaw kho mob xwm txheej ceev nrog cov tshuaj bronchodilators, steroids, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Dab tsi yog Kev Tiv Thaiv Mob ntsws?
Cov kab mob ntsws uas muaj kev txwv ntau yog cystic fibrosis thiab lwm yam ua rau mob ntsws ntsws.
Cystic fibrosis yog ib qho kev phom sij tshaj plaws ntawm lub neej autosomal recessive yam cuam tshuam rau Caucasians. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator noob. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj chloride tsis zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev nqus sodium ntxiv thoob plaws hauv txoj hlab pa epithelium. Cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsws ua kua ua rau lub ntsws ua rau muaj kab mob thiab bronchiectasis. Cov neeg mob uas muaj hnoos, hawb pob, tsis muaj zog, pancreatic insufficiency, plab hnyuv txhaws, cirrhosis thiab osteoporosis. Chest physiotherapy, hloov pancreatic enzyme, rog soluble vitamin hloov, thiab txo cov ntshav qab zib yog txoj kev kho mob tseem ceeb ntawm Cystic fibrosis. Qhov nruab nrab ciaj sia taus ntawm cov neeg mob cystic fibrosis yog tam sim no tshaj 30 xyoo.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Obstructive thiab Restrictive Lung Disease?
• Obstructive ntsws kab mob ua rau lub ntsws txhaws thaum cov kab mob txwv tsis pub muaj lub ntsws nthuav dav.
• Hauv cov kab mob ntsws obstructive, muaj cov hnoos qeev ntau ntxiv thaum tsis muaj cov kab mob txwv.
• Cov kab mob txwv tsis pub muaj tshwm sim vim lub ntsws caws pliav thaum tsis muaj caws pliav hauv cov kab mob obstructive.
