Homologous Chromosomes vs Sister Chromatids
Txhua tus tsiaj muaj lawv cov ntaub ntawv caj ces hauv chromosomes thiab muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm chromosomes hauv lawv cov hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv sib txawv ntawm lawv qhov loj me, qhov chaw ntawm centromere, staining zog, qhov ntev ntawm ob txhais tes ntawm ob sab ntawm lub centromere, thiab qhov chaw constricted raws caj npab. Tus naj npawb ntawm chromosomes hauv cov kab mob yog qhov pib txiav txim los ntawm kev suav cov haploid (n) tus lej ntawm chromosomes. Txhua chromosome yog tsim los ntawm ib qho DNA molecule. Feem ntau, cov chromosomes muaj xws li homologous khub. Txhua homologous chromosome muaj ib daim ntawv niam thiab txiv. Ib qho chromosome nyob rau hauv ib khub homologous yog hu ua homologue.
Sister Chromatids
Muam chromatids tsuas yog tsim thaum ib qho chromosome rov ua dua rau ob daim ntawv ntawm tib chromosome. Li no tus muam chromatids tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv replication theem. Txhua homologue muaj ob tus muam chromatids, uas tau tuav ua ke los ntawm cov nplaum nplaum hu ua cohesions ntawm lub centromere ntawm chromosome. Ib tug viv ncaus chromatid muaj ib qho DNA, uas zoo ib yam rau DNA luam ntawm lwm tus viv ncaus chromatid hauv tib homologue. Sister chromatids yog synthesized thaum lub sij hawm 'S' ntawm interphase, thiab sib cais los ntawm ib leeg thaum lub sij hawm mitosis. Hauv qee hom, tus muam chromatids ua tus qauv ntawm kev kho DNA.
Homologous Chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes yog chromosome khub nrog qhov ntev zoo sib xws, centromere txoj hauj lwm thiab cov qauv staining. Txhua homologue ntawm homologous chromosome khub tau txais los ntawm leej txiv los yog niam txiv. Txawm hais tias lawv zoo sib xws, cov chromosomes tsis zoo ib yam li lawv tau txais los ntawm ob tus neeg sib txawv. Txhua homologous chromosome muaj ob chromosomes, thiab lawv tsis lo ua ke. Tab sis thaum cov txheej txheem rov pib dua, cov khub homologous rov ua dua nws tus kheej thiab tsim ob lub DNA zoo tib yam. Raws li lawv dhau los ua condensed, lawv pom zoo li ob txoj hlua hu ua chromatids. Txhua homologous chromosome muaj plaub tus muam chromatids.
Qhov txawv ntawm Homologous Chromosomes thiab Sister Chromatids yog dab tsi?
• Homologous chromosomes muaj ob lub chromosomes zoo sib xws, thiab txhua tus chromosome hauv khub muaj ob tus muam chromatids.
• Ater DNA replication, ob tug viv ncaus chromatids nyob rau hauv ib chromosome yog tuav ua ke ntawm lawv centromeres los ntawm cohesive proteins, whereas homologous chromosomes tsis lo ua ke ntawm lawv centromeres.
• Homologous chromosomes yog tsim los ntawm leej niam thiab leej txiv daim ntawv luam ntawm tib chromosome, hos tus muam chromatids hauv ib chromosome tuaj yeem yog leej niam lossis leej txiv daim ntawv.
• Homologous chromosomes yeej ib txwm pom, qhov viv ncaus chromatids tsuas pom thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua.
• Homologous chromosome khub muaj plaub DNA strands thaum ib tus muam chromatid yog tsim los ntawm tib DNA strand.
• Tsis zoo li ob tus muam chromatids hauv homologue, homologous chromosome khub tsis zoo ib yam.
