Saturated vs Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Organic molecules yog cov molecules muaj cov carbons. Organic molecules yog cov molecule ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Cov organic molecules tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom muaj sia muaj xws li carbohydrates, proteins, lipids thiab nucleic acids. Nucleic acids zoo li DNA muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob. Carbon tebchaw zoo li cov proteins ua cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb lub cev, thiab lawv tsim enzymes, uas catalyze tag nrho cov metabolic zog. Organic molecules muab peb lub zog ua haujlwm txhua hnub. Muaj pov thawj los ua pov thawj tias carbonic molecules zoo li methane muaj nyob hauv huab cua txawm ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los. Cov tebchaw no nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog lwm cov tshuaj inorganic yog lub luag haujlwm rau tsim lub neej hauv ntiaj teb. Tsis tsuas yog, peb tau tsim los ntawm cov organic molecules, tab sis muaj ntau hom organic molecules nyob ib ncig ntawm peb, uas peb siv txhua hnub rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Cov khaub ncaws peb hnav yog tsim los ntawm ntuj lossis hluavtaws organic molecules. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv hauv peb lub tsev kuj yog cov organic. Roj av, uas muab lub zog rau tsheb thiab lwm yam tshuab, yog cov organic. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj peb noj, tshuaj tua kab, thiab tshuaj tua kab yog tsim los ntawm cov organic molecules. Yog li, cov organic molecules yog txuam nrog ze li ntawm txhua yam ntawm peb lub neej. Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev kawm cais raws li cov organic chemistry tau hloov zuj zus mus kawm txog cov tebchaw no. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua thib kaum yim thiab kaum cuaj, cov kev nce qib tseem ceeb tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob zoo thiab ntau txoj hauv kev los tshuaj xyuas cov organic tebchaw. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov mis mos thiab cov qauv molecular tau tsim los txheeb xyuas cov molecules nyias. Cov pa roj carbon atom yog tetravalent, yog li nws tuaj yeem tsim tsuas yog plaub daim ntawv cog lus nyob ib puag ncig nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pa roj carbon atom tuaj yeem siv ib lossis ntau dua ntawm nws cov valences los tsim cov ntawv cog lus rau lwm cov pa roj carbon atom. Cov pa roj carbon atom tuaj yeem tsim ib leeg, ob npaug lossis triple daim ntawv cog lus nrog lwm cov pa roj carbon atom lossis lwm yam atom. Cov pa roj carbon molecules kuj muaj peev xwm muaj nyob ua isomers. Cov peev xwm no tso cai rau cov pa roj carbon atom ua ntau lab ntawm cov molecules nrog cov qauv sib txawv.
Hydrocarbons yog cov organic molecules, uas muaj tsuas yog carbon thiab hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons tuaj yeem ua rau aromatic lossis aliphatic. Lawv feem ntau muab faib ua ob peb hom raws li muab faib rau alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes thiab aromatic hydrocarbons.
Saturated Hydrocarbon yog dab tsi?
Saturated hydrocarbons kuj tseem hu ua alkanes. Lawv muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm hydrogen atoms, uas ib tug molecule yuav haum. Txhua daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms thiab hydrogens yog ib daim ntawv cog lus. Vim tias qhov kev sib hloov ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tau tso cai ntawm ib qho atoms. Lawv yog hom yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons muaj cov qauv dav dav ntawm C nH 2n + 2. Cov xwm txheej no txawv me ntsis rau cycloalkanes vim lawv muaj cov qauv cyclic.
Dab tsi yog Unsaturated Hydrocarbon?
Hauv cov hydrocarbons unsaturated, muaj ob lossis peb npaug ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms. Txij li thaum muaj ntau daim ntawv cog lus, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm hydrogen atoms tsis nyob rau hauv lub molecule. Alkenes thiab alkynes yog piv txwv rau unsaturated hydrocarbons. Tsis yog cyclic molecules nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus muaj cov qauv dav dav ntawm C nH 2nthiab alkynes muaj cov qauv dav dav ntawm C n H 2n-2.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Saturated Hydrocarbons thiab Unsaturated Hydrocarbons ?
• Nyob rau hauv saturated hydrocarbons, tag nrho cov bonds yog ib daim ntawv cog lus. Nyob rau hauv unsaturated hydrocarbons, ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab triple bonds kuj muaj.
• Saturated hydrocarbons muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm hydrogen atoms, carbon atoms tuaj yeem haum rau qhov sib piv rau unsaturated hydrocarbons.
• Saturated hydrocarbons yog hom hydrocarbons yooj yim tshaj plaws.
• Unsaturated hydrocarbon yog ntau reactive.
