Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab tooj liab yog tooj liab yog cov hlau hnyav dua nrog cov xim liab-txiv kab ntxwv, qhov txhuas yog cov hlau sib zog nrog cov xim grey.
Aluminium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 13 thiab cov cim tshuaj Al. Tooj liab yog ib yam tshuaj muaj cov cim tshuaj Cu thiab atomic tooj 29.
Aluminium yog dab tsi?
Aluminium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 13 thiab cov cim tshuaj Al. Nws zoo nkaus li silvery-dawb, mos hlau. Ntxiv mus, nws yog nonmagnetic thiab ductile heev. Nws muaj ntau hauv ntiaj teb (8% ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust). Cov hlau no yog chemically reactive heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nrhiav ib txwm qauv ntawm aluminium. Tshwj xeeb, cov hlau no muaj qhov ntom ntom. Yog li, nws yog lub teeb yuag thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus corrosion los ntawm kev tsim cov oxide txheej ntawm nws qhov chaw.
Lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm txhuas yog [Ne] 3s 2 3p1,thiab nws tus qauv atomic hnyav yog li 26.98. nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab siab tej yam kev mob. Lub melting point ntawm cov hlau no yog 660.32 ° C, thiab nws cov boiling point yog 2470 ° C. Ntxiv mus, feem ntau oxidation xeev ntawm txhuas yog +3.
Daim duab 01: Aluminium
Thaum xav txog cov alloys ntawm txhuas, cov khoom siv alloying yog tooj liab, magnesium, zinc, silicon, thiab tin. Muaj ob hom ntawm aluminium alloys; lawv yog casting alloys thiab wrought alloys. Peb tuaj yeem faib cov pab pawg no ua ob pawg: cov khoom kub-kho tau thiab tsis kub-kho tau txhuas alloys. Txawm li cas los xij, kwv yees li 85% ntawm cov khoom siv txhuas muaj txiaj ntsig yog cov ntaub ntawv wrought.
Copper yog dab tsi?
tooj liab yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tshuaj lom neeg Cu thiab atomic tooj 29. Nws yog d block element. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib tug hlau thiab muaj ib tug liab-txiv kab ntxwv metallic luster. Nws yog ib qho ntawm ob peb cov hlau uas muaj xim ntuj uas tsis yog grey lossis nyiaj. Cov hlau no paub txog nws qhov softness, malleability, ductility, thiab siab thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity. Cov khoom no tshwm sim vim nws cov tshuaj lom neeg, muaj ib qho s-orbital electron nyob rau saum cov d-electron shells.
Daim duab 02: Tooj
Tus qauv atomic hnyav ntawm cov hlau no yog 63.54. Cov hlau no yog nyob rau hauv pawg 11 thiab lub sij hawm 4 ntawm lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshuaj. Electron configuration yog [Ar] 3d10 4s1. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, cov hlau no poob rau hauv qeb ntawm kev hloov pauv hlau. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj ib tug unpaired electron nyob rau hauv nws outermost orbital. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau no yog nyob rau hauv ib tug solid-state ntawm tus qauv kub thiab siab. Lub melting point thiab boiling point yog 1084.62 ° C thiab 2562 ° C, feem. Ntxiv mus, qhov feem ntau oxidation xeev ntawm cov hlau no yog +2. Tab sis muaj qee lub xeev oxidation ib yam nkaus; −2, +1, +3, +4.
tooj liab tsis hnov tsw nrog dej, tab sis nws hnov mob nrog oxygen hauv huab cua los ua ib txheej tooj liab oxide, uas tshwm hauv xim xim av-dub. Cov txheej no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm xeb. Ntxiv mus, cov hlau no tarnishes thaum raug cov sulfur-muaj cov tebchaw. Kev siv loj ntawm cov hlau no suav nrog kev tsim cov xaim hluav taws xob, vov tsev, kav dej, kev siv tshuab, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, tooj liab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov hlau ntshiab es tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv alloy.
Qhov txawv ntawm Aluminium thiab tooj liab yog dab tsi?
Aluminium thiab tooj liab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov xov hlau rau kev siv hluav taws xob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab tooj liab yog tooj liab yog cov hlau hnyav dua nrog cov xim liab-txiv kab ntxwv, whereas txhuas yog cov hlau sib zog nrog lub ntsej muag grey.
Cov hauv qab no infographic nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm txhuas thiab tooj liab hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Aluminium vs Copper
Aluminium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 13 thiab cov cim tshuaj Al, thaum tooj liab yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj cov cim tshuaj Cu thiab atomic tooj 29. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab tooj liab yog tooj liab yog cov hlau hnyav dua. nrog lub ntsej muag liab-txiv kab ntxwv, qhov txhuas yog cov hlau sib zog nrog lub ntsej muag grey.
