Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA thiab RNA yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA yog hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas siv cov ntawv luam ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua DNA los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thaum tshuaj tiv thaiv RNA yog hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas siv daim ntawv luam. ntawm cov tshuaj ntuj hu ua messenger RNA los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
DNA thiab RNA tshuaj tiv thaiv yog hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj lub hom phiaj tib yam li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj. Tab sis lawv ua hauj lwm txawv me ntsis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los yog kab mob tsis muaj zog rau hauv lub cev los txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA thiab RNA txhaj ib feem ntawm cov kab mob 'tus kheej txoj cai caj ces rau hauv lub cev los txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
DNA Vaccines yog dab tsi?
DNA tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas siv cov ntawv luam ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua DNA los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tib neeg. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA muaj cov DNA tshwj xeeb uas sau rau cov protein uas hu ua antigen hauv cov kab mob. DNA yog txhaj rau hauv lub cev ntawm plasmid vector thiab coj los ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Cov txheej txheem metabolic ib txwm nyob hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes pab txhawm rau tsim cov protein tshwj xeeb no raws li cov txheej txheem caj ces hauv plasmid lub cell tau noj. Lub cell lees paub cov proteins no ua txawv teb chaws molecules vim cov proteins no muaj thaj tsam ntawm cov amino acid sequences uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob los yog kab mob. Yog li ntawd, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tes ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Daim duab 01: Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv DNA
Hauv xyoo 1983, Enzo Paoletti thiab Dennis Panicali ntawm New York Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv tau tsim lub tswv yim los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA rov qab los ntawm kev siv cov noob caj noob ces. Los ntawm qhov no, lawv tau hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob me me rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lwm yam kab mob. Ntxiv mus, xyoo 2016, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA rau tus kab mob Zika tau raug sim rau tib neeg ntawm National Institute of He alth, USA. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias kev txhaj tshuaj DNA tuaj yeem siv los ua lub tswv yim rau monoclonal antibody induction.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv RNA yog dab tsi?
RNA tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas siv cov ntawv luam ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua tub txib RNA los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tib neeg. Hauv kev sib piv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA qhia txog lub neej luv luv, ua cov khoom sib txuas ntawm RNA ib ntus ntawm cov kab mob xws li tus kab mob rau hauv tus neeg. Kev xa ntawm mRNA yog ua tiav los ntawm lipid nanoparticles. Tom qab ntawd, cov hlwb dendritic coj cov mRNA cov kab ke los ntawm phagocytosis. Cov hlwb dendritic siv lawv tus kheej ribosomes los nyeem cov mRNA thiab tsim cov kab mob antigens ua ntej rhuav tshem mRNA. Thaum cov kab mob antigens tsim, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Daim duab 02: RNA Vaccines
Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv RNA rov qab mus rau xyoo 1990. Txog xyoo 2020, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA sib txawv tau tsim rau tib neeg siv thiab kuaj cov kab mob xws li rabies, Zika, cytomegalovirus, thiab mob khaub thuas. Tab sis, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA no tsis tau muaj ntawv tso cai. Thaum pib ntawm COVID19 kev sib kis, ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA tau tsim thiab tso cai. Ob lub tuam txhab Moderna thiab Pfizer-BioNTech tau txais kev tso cai siv xwm txheej ceev rau lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA raws li COVID-19 tsis ntev los no.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm DNA thiab RNA Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv?
- Ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv caj ces xws li DNA lossis RNA.
- Ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob sai dua.
- Nyob zoo heev.
- Lawv xav tau kev xa khoom lossis khoom xa tuaj.
- Ob leeg yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim rau ntawm qhov loj.
Qhov txawv ntawm DNA thiab RNA tshuaj tiv thaiv yog dab tsi?
DNA tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas siv cov ntawv luam ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua DNA los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv RNA yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas siv cov ntawv luam ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua messenger RNA los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA thiab RNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA siv cov noob caj noob ces plasmid los xa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tib neeg lub hlwb. Hauv qhov sib piv, RNA tshuaj tiv thaiv siv lipid nanoparticle xa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tib neeg lub hlwb. Yog li, qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA thiab RNA.
Cov duab hauv qab no qhia ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab RNA tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv daim ntawv teev npe.
Summary – DNA vs RNA Vaccines
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob gene-based (DNA lossis RNA) sai dua thiab pheej yig dua los tsim ntau ntau dua li cov qauv siv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau siv cov tsis muaj zog lossis tua cov kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA thiab RNA txhaj ib feem ntawm cov kab mob 'tus kheej cov kab mob caj ces rau hauv lub cev los txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas siv cov ntawv luam ntawm DNA los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tshuaj tiv thaiv RNA yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas siv cov ntawv luam ntawm tus xa xov RNA los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA thiab RNA.
