Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pseudogene thiab noob yog tias pseudogene yog cov noob caj noob ces tsis ua haujlwm tsis muaj cai rau cov protein thaum cov noob yog cov noob caj noob ces ua rau cov protein, A genome yog ib qho kab mob ua tiav cov lus qhia caj ces uas tseem ceeb heev los tswj cov cim sib txawv (phenotype). Txhua genome muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xav tau los ua ke cov molecules tseem ceeb thiab tsim cov kab mob. Lub genome muaj DNA. Cov noob yog cov ntu tshwj xeeb ntawm DNA. Lawv code rau cov proteins. Los ntawm kev txhais, cov noob yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev uas ua rau txhua tus neeg lub cev nta. Ib tug pseudogene yog ib daim qauv ntawm cov noob uas ua haujlwm tsis zoo uas sib sau ua ke thaum evolution.
Pseudogene yog dab tsi?
A pseudogene yog ib ntu tsis ua haujlwm ntawm DNA uas zoo li cov noob ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug superfluous luam ntawm ib tug functional gene. Nws tuaj yeem tsim ncaj qha los ntawm DNA duplication lossis tsis ncaj qha los ntawm kev thim rov qab ntawm mRNA transcript. Ib qho pseudogene tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas genome sequence. Feem ntau, nws tsis muaj kev tswj hwm cov ntsiab lus, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhais lus thiab kev sau ntawv. Cov kab mob genomes muaj ntau yam pseudogenes ntau npaum li cov noob ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem lom neeg sib txawv tsim cov pseudogenes. Tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb los tshem tawm lawv ntawm genome. Thaum kawg, pseudogenes tej zaum yuav raug tshem tawm ntawm genome los ntawm lub caij nyoog replication lossis DNA kho yuam kev. Txwv tsis pub, lawv sib sau ua ke sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm, dhau los ua tsis pom zoo li qub noob.
Daim duab 01: Pseudogene
Qee zaum, pseudogene ib ntus tuaj yeem hloov mus rau RNA ntawm qib qis vim muaj cov ntsiab lus txhawb nqa. Cov ntsiab lus txhawb nqa no tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces lossis kev hloov pauv tshiab. Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg ntawm pseudogenes tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb, qee qhov ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo RNAs thiab cov proteins tshiab.
Dab tsi yog Gene?
Gene yog lub cev lub cev thiab lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm caj ces. Cov noob yog tsim los ntawm DNA. Txhua lub noob ua haujlwm muaj cov khoom siv xws li kev txhawb nqa, pib codon, nres codon, introns, exons, 3′ cheeb tsam tsis tau txhais, 5′ cheeb tsam tsis tau txhais lus thiab cov ntsiab lus ntws, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom no tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua tus noob. Cov noob muaj cov lus qhia los tsim cov molecule hu ua protein. Cov molecules no tswj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Hauv tib neeg, cov noob loj txawv ntawm ob peb puas DNA mus rau ntau dua 2 lab lub hauv paus. Tib neeg txoj haujlwm genome xaus rau xyoo 2003 tau txheeb xyuas 20000 txog 25000 tib neeg cov noob.
Daim duab 02: Gene
Txhua tus neeg muaj ob daim ntawv luam ntawm txhua tus noob. Ib qho allele yog ib qho ntawm ob lossis ntau qhov qauv ntawm cov noob. Yog tias cov alleles zoo ib yam, tus neeg yog homozygous rau cov noob (AA lossis aa). Yog hais tias cov alleles txawv, tus neeg yog heterozygous rau cov noob (Ab). Lo lus allele yog thawj zaug siv los piav txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob. Cov kws tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv muab cov npe tshwj xeeb rau cov noob. Piv txwv li, CFTR noob, ib tug noob ntawm chromosome 7, tau txuam nrog cystic fibrosis.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Pseudogene thiab Gene?
- Ob leeg muaj nyob hauv genome.
- qauv, lawv yog ntu ntawm DNA.
- Lawv yog noob caj noob ces.
- Lawv raug hloov pauv.
- Ob leeg tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li oncogene lossis qog suppressors.
Qhov txawv ntawm Pseudogene thiab Gene yog dab tsi?
A pseudogene yog cov noob caj noob ces uas tsis ua haujlwm raws li nws tsis code rau cov protein. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov noob yog cov noob caj noob ces uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo raws li nws ua cov cai rau cov protein tshwj xeeb. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pseudogene thiab noob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus pseudogene tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhais lus thiab kev sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, ib tug noob muaj tag nrho cov tseem ceeb cov ntsiab cai uas tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhais lus thiab transcription. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pseudogene thiab noob.
Cov duab hauv qab no qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm pseudogene thiab noob hauv daim ntawv teev npe.
Summary – Pseudogene vs Gene
Lub genome muaj ib qho kev ua tiav ntawm cov noob caj noob ces lossis cov khoom siv caj ces muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub xovtooj ntawm tes lossis kab mob. Nws muaj ntau cov noob caj noob ces uas tswj cov phenotype ntawm ib tus neeg. Raws li Human Genome Project, tib neeg muaj 20000 txog 25000 noob. Ib tug pseudogene yog ib yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm noob caj noob ces uas tsis ua haujlwm raws li nws tsis code rau cov protein tshwj xeeb. Cov noob yog cov noob caj noob ces, thiab nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov qub txeeg qub teg. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm pseudogene thiab noob.
