Qhov txawv ntawm Aluminium thiab Magnesium

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab magnesium yog qhov txhuas yog cov hlau tiv thaiv corrosion thaum magnesium tsis yog.

Magnesium thiab txhuas yog ob yam tshuaj uas peb tuaj yeem categorize li hlau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Ob leeg yog ib txwm tshwm sim hlau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntxhia sib txawv. Muaj ntau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov tshuaj no ua hlau vim lawv cov khoom zoo.

Aluminium yog dab tsi?

Aluminium los yog Al yog ib lub caij nyob rau hauv pawg 3 thiab lub sij hawm 3 thiab muaj cov atomic tooj ntawm 13. Cov electron configuration ntawm Al yog 1s²2s² 2p⁶3s²3p^{1Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib tug silvery dawb khoom, thiab nws yog cov hlau ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Nws tsis yog soluble hauv dej ntawm chav tsev kub.}

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub atomic hnyav ntawm txhuas yog 27 g mol ^{-1, thiab nws yog lub teeb hnyav, cov hlau ruaj khov. Nws tsis yooj yim ignite. Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li cov hlau no dhau heev lawm nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv dawb, ib txwm nws tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntxhia. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ntsiab aluminium uas muaj cov ntxhia yog bauxite. Loj bauxite ores nyob rau hauv Australia, Brazil, Jamaica thiab Guinea. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntxhia xws li cryolite, beryl, garnet, thiab lwm yam.}

Daim duab 01: Txhuas Hlau

Vim qhov ntom ntom ntom thiab tiv thaiv kom xeb, cov tuam ntxhab siv txhuas ntau hauv cov khoom lag luam, rau cov khoom siv tsheb, ntim khoom thiab lwm yam.

Magnesium yog dab tsi?

Magnesium yog 12 lub ntsiab lus hauv lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Nws yog nyob rau hauv alkaline ntiaj teb hlau pawg thiab lub sij hawm thib 3. Peb tuaj yeem pom cov hlau no li Mg. Magnesium yog ib qho ntawm cov molecules ntau tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv qib macro rau cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj.

Magnesium muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm 1s²2s² 2p⁶ 3s2 Txij li thaum muaj ob lub electrons nyob rau sab nrauv feem ntau, magnesium nyiam pub cov hluav taws xob ntawd rau lwm lub atom ntau electronegative thiab tsim ib qho +2 them ion. Lub atomic hnyav ntawm Mg yog li ntawm 24 g mol^-1, thiab nws yog ib tug sib sib zog nqus hlau, tab sis muaj zog hlau.

Nature

Ntxiv mus, nws yog crystalline khoom nrog ib qho xim silvery. Tab sis, nws yog heev reactive nrog oxygen; Yog li, tsim ib txheej magnesium oxide (MgO) thaum raug huab cua ib txwm, uas yog xim tsaus. Thiab, txheej MgO no ua raws li txheej tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, ib txwm, peb tsis tuaj yeem pom cov hlau no ua cov khoom ntshiab. Thaum peb hlawv cov hlau magnesium dawb, nws muab cov nplaim taws dawb.

Daim duab 02: Nyias Magnesium Films

Tsis tas li, cov hlau no yog cov dej soluble hauv dej, thiab ua rau cov dej ntawm chav tsev kub, tso cov pa roj hydrogen. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj ua haujlwm zoo nrog feem ntau cov kua qaub thiab tsim MgCl₂ thiab H₂ roj. Magnesium feem ntau tshwm sim hauv dej hiav txwv thiab cov zaub mov xws li dolomite, magnesite, carnallite, talc, thiab lwm yam. Peb tuaj yeem muab cov hlau no los ntawm dej hiav txwv los ntawm kev ntxiv calcium hydroxide. Nws tsim magnesium hydroxide. Nyob ntawd, peb yuav tsum tau lim cov nag lossis daus magnesium hydroxide, thiab tom qab ntawd peb yuav tsum ua kom nws hnov mob nrog HCl los tsim MgCl_{2 dua. Tom qab ntawd, siv electrolysis ntawm magnesium chloride, peb tuaj yeem cais cov hlau ntawm cathode.}

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, magnesium yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic (Grignard reagent), thiab ntau lwm yam kev sim tshuaj. Ntxiv mus, Mg compounds tau muab tso rau hauv cov zaub mov, chiv thiab kab lis kev cai xov xwm, vim nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.

Qhov txawv ntawm Aluminium thiab Magnesium yog dab tsi?

Aluminium yog hlau muaj tus lej atomic 13 thiab cov cim tshuaj Al thiab Magnesium yog cov hlau uas muaj tus lej atomic 12 thiab cov cim tshuaj Mg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab magnesium yog qhov txhuas yog cov hlau tiv thaiv corrosion thaum magnesium tsis yog. Ntxiv mus, muaj peb valence electrons ntawm txhuas. Yog li, nws tsim +3 cation thaum magnesium muaj ob lub valence electrons thiab tuaj yeem ua +2 hlau cation. Yog li, qhov no ua rau lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm txhuas thiab magnesium.

Qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm txhuas thiab magnesium yog qhov txhuas tsis soluble hauv dej ntawm chav tsev kub thaum magnesium yog soluble hauv dej, thiab reacts nrog dej ntawm chav tsev kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhuas tsis yooj yim ignite, tab sis magnesium ua.

Ntau qhov sib txawv yog tabulated hauv infographic ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm txhuas thiab magnesium.

Summary – Aluminium vs Magnesium

Magnesium thiab txhuas yog cov hlau uas muaj qhov zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yog ob hom hlau sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab magnesium yog qhov txhuas yog cov hlau tiv thaiv corrosion thaum magnesium tsis yog.