YHybridization vs Cloning
Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cloning yeej ib txwm yog qhov txaus siab rau ntau tus neeg txawm tias lawv tsis yog kws tshawb fawb. Tsis ntev los no, cov ncauj lus no tseem nrov hauv ntiaj teb ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm. Yog li, lawv txhais li cas hauv ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb? Hybridization thiab cloning yog ob txoj hauv kev hauv biology uas tau ua tshwj xeeb rau kev tau txais thiab tswj xyuas cov kab mob zoo tshaj plaws lossis cov molecules xws li DNA. Txawm hais tias ob lub ntsiab lus yog xa mus rau feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hybridization thiab cloning, muaj ntau yam piv txwv ntawm natural hybridization thiab cloning ib yam nkaus. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau qhov kev lag luam hybrids thiab clones ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu txawm tias tsiaj clones raug txwv hauv qee lub tebchaws.
YHybridization yog dab tsi?
Hybridization yog ib txoj kev ntawm kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev los ntawm kev sib deev, ib yam kabmob uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob niam txiv, tau txais. Muaj subcategories ntawm hybridization uas yog, interspecific hybridization qhov twg ob hom ntawm tib genus yog mated los tsim ib tug zoo hybrid (piv txwv li: Bovid hybrids), thiab ob tug neeg ntawm ib hom yog mated kom tau ib tug hybrid (ex: Ob hom ntawm Oryza Sativa yog hla kom tau ib tug hybrid). Txawm hais tias muaj cov ntsiab lus xws li intergeneric hybridization, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov hybrids vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm caj ces. Ntuj hybridization kuj pom. Piv txwv li, Mule yog ib tug hybrid ntawm ib tug txiv neej luav thiab ib tug poj niam nees.
Mule - Ib tug Hybrid ntawm poj niam Nees thiab txiv neej Donkey
Hybrids feem ntau tsis muaj menyuam (tsis tuaj yeem tsim dua los ntawm lawv tus kheej), yog li tsim kom muaj ib tug hybrid yuav tsum muaj ob hom niam txiv. Txawm hais tias cov nroj tsuag hybrid yog fertile, tiam sis lwm tiam neeg yuav poob zoo, yog li cov nroj tsuag hybrids kuj raug tsim siv lawv ob hom niam txiv.
Dab tsi yog Cloning?
Cloning yog txheej txheem ntawm kev yug me nyuam kom tau txais ib daim qauv ntawm niam txiv. Tsis zoo li hybridization, cloning tsis xav tau ob tug niam txiv. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, clones yog tsim los ntawm asexual reproduction ntawm cov kab mob (piv txwv li: kab mob). Muaj peb hom kev sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem cloning: noob cloning, kev ua me nyuam cloning, thiab kho cloning. Gene cloning yog tsim cov ntawv luam zoo sib xws ntawm cov noob xaiv. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov noob xav tau raug muab rho tawm los ntawm genome thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv cov cab kuj / vector (piv txwv li: kab mob plasmid) thiab tso cai rau ntau ntxiv (piv txwv li: tib neeg insulin). Kev yug me nyuam cloning tsim cov ntawv luam zoo tib yam ntawm cov tsiaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua nuclear transplantation (piv txwv li: Dolly cov yaj) los yog cov nroj tsuag los ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib leeg-cell kab lis kev cai. Hauv kev kho mob cloning, embryonic qia hlwb raug tsim los tsim cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv hauv cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj kab mob los yog puas tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg cloned.
Dolly - Ntiaj teb thawj cov yaj yaj
Sib nrug los ntawm cov hau kev saum toj no, tib neeg ntxaib ntawm tib neeg thiab lwm yam tsiaj tsiaj kuj raug hu ua ntuj clones vim lawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev faib cov qe fertilized ua ob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hybridization thiab Cloning yog dab tsi?
Muaj ob qhov zoo sib xws nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm hybridization thiab cloning.
• Hybridization yog ib txoj kev ntawm kev sib deev kev sib deev whereas cloning yog ib txoj kev ntawm asexual reproduction.
• Hybrids animal is sterile, but cloned animal are fertile.
• Hybrid kab mob muaj DNA los ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam niam txiv, tab sis cloned kab mob muaj DNA los ntawm ib hom niam txiv nkaus xwb.
• Hybridization ua rau muaj kab mob sib txawv los ntawm nws niam nws txiv lub npe hu ua hybridwhile cloning ua rau ib daim ntawv zoo tib yam ntawm niam txiv kab mob hu ua clone.
• Hybrid muaj cov cim zoo tshaj nws niam nws txiv (kev txhim kho hybrid vigor), tab sis clones yog 100% zoo ib yam rau lawv niam lawv txiv.
• Hybridization muab tsuas yog ib tug hybrid progeny, whereas los ntawm cloning unlimited cov kab mob zoo tib yam tuaj yeem tsim tau.
• Hybridization cov txheej txheem yog nqi zoo piv rau cov cloning.
• Ob qho tib si kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cloning yog nqa tawm kom tau txais thiab tswj hwm qhov zoo tshaj plaws / cov cim ntawm niam txiv kab mob / s.
Nyob rau hauv xaus, hybridization thiab cloning tuaj yeem suav tias yog ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm biotechnological tau txais cov kab mob nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
