Solubility vs Dissolution
Ob nqe lus no sib koom tes thiab xa mus rau tib yam xwm txheej tshuaj nrog ob qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev txhais. Raws li keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lub tswv yim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej kom nkag siab txog peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm no; uas yog solute, hnyav thiab tov. Solute yog cov compound uas yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Solvent feem ntau yog cov kua uas siv los yaj cov kua. Kev daws yog hu ua cov sib tov uas tshwm sim los ntawm dissolving lub solute nyob rau hauv hnyav. Cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem yog cov khib nyiab, kua lossis roj, thiab txawm tias cov kuab tshuaj feem ntau yog cov kua dej tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom hnyav thiab cov kuab tshuaj gaseous. E.g. Cov hlau alloy tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog cov tshuaj tov uas muaj cov kuab tshuaj tov nrog cov kuab tshuaj hnyav. 'Solubility' yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab 'Dissolution' yog cov txheej txheem uas cov kuab tshuaj yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj los ua kom muaj kev daws teeb meem. Yog li ntawd los ntawm kev txhais, solubility yog ib tug thermodynamic yam thiab dissolution yog ib tug kinetic yam.
Solubility
Solubility yog ib yam khoom ntawm ib tug solute uas txiav txim siab deb npaum li cas cov solute yuav yaj nyob rau hauv ib qho hnyav los tsim ib qho kev daws teeb meem. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj thiab lub cev ntawm cov kua nplaum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab nws cov qib solubility. Thaum peb xa mus rau qhov concentration ntawm ib qho kev daws peb xa mus rau qib ntawm solubility ntawm ib qho kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Nws muaj qhov txwv rau tus nqi ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ib qho kuab tshuaj muaj peev xwm tuav tau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem, hauv qhov kev daws teeb meem. Tshaj li qhov kev txwv no yog tias cov kua dej tau yaj ntxiv nws yuav pib los nag hauv qab. Lub dynamic equilibrium ntawm ob lub xeev no txhais tau hais tias cov solubility. Yog li ntawd, solubility tshwm sim thaum tus nqi ntawm dissolution sib npaug ntawm cov nag lossis daus. Solubility tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab nqa chav tsev mol / kg.
Feem ntau peb ua raws li txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo hauv solubility hu ua 'zoo li dissolves nyiam'. Lub tswv yim no qhia tias cov polar tebchaw muaj kev nyiam ntau dua rau yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj polar thiab vice versa. Thaum ib tug solute yog kiag li soluble, peb hais tias nws yog miscible. Qhov no feem ntau muaj tseeb rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ob lub kua (thaum ib cov kua sib xyaw rau hauv lwm cov kua). Thaum cov solubility tsawg, peb hais tias cov compound tsis zoo soluble los yog insoluble. Lub solubility ntawm ib yam khoom nyob rau hauv lwm yam nyob ntawm seb lub intermolecular rog ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj molecules, thiab ntau yam ntawm lub cev thiab thermodynamic yam cuam tshuam rau qhov solubility. E.g. qhov kub, siab, polarity ntawm hnyav, qhov ntau dhau los yog tsis txaus ntawm ib qho ion hauv kev daws thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau thaum qhov kub thiab txias siab, qhov solubility ntawm ib qho kuab tshuaj yog siab dua thaum txias dua. Qee lub sij hawm, kev sib cais yuav tshwm sim vim muaj tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tsis yog vim qhov ntshiab solubility ntawm cov kua. Qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis meej pem txog solubility. Thaum ib tug solute yog purely soluble, ib tug yuav tsum muaj peev xwm kom tau lub solute rov qab tom qab evaporation ntawm cov kuab tshuaj.
Kev tsis sib haum
Kev sib cais yog txheej txheem uas cov kuab tshuaj yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj los tsim cov tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, qhov no muaj ib tug kinetic nyhuv. Dissolution tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm ntau tus nqi thiab qee zaum rau cov kuab tshuaj kom yaj tag rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj nws yuav xav tau sijhawm ntev. Thaum cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais, cov txheej txheem kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov kuab tshuaj yog tawg mus rau hauv ib tus neeg cov khoom, molecules lossis atoms, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib cais yog hu ua solubility. Dissolution ib yam nkaus yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev zoo ib yam li kev solubility, tab sis kev sib cais nws tus kheej yog txheej txheem kinetic. Ionic tebchaw tuaj yeem yooj yim yaj hauv dej thiab raws li tau hais los saum toj no cov ntsiab lus 'zoo li dissolves' tuaj yeem suav tau ntawm no, thiab. Tus nqi ntawm kev sib cais nyob ntawm ntau yam; Kev sib xyaw ua ke, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj, qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom yaj, qhov kub thiab lwm yam.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Solubility thiab Dissolution?
• Dissolution is the process where a solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution, whereas solubility is the result of dissolution. • Kev tawg yog txheej txheem uas cov kuab tshuaj yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj los tsim cov tshuaj, qhov solubility yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cais.
• Solubility yog ib qho chaw thermodynamic whereas dissolution yog kinetic.
• Solubility yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv mol / kg thiab dissolution yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv mol / s.
