Amine vs Amide
Amines thiab amides yog ob qho tib si nitrogenous organic tebchaw. Txawm hais tias lawv suab zoo sib xws, lawv cov qauv thiab cov khoom sib txawv heev.
Amine
Amines tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov organic derivatives ntawm ammonia. Amines muaj nitrogen sib txuas rau carbon. Amines tuaj yeem faib ua thawj, theem nrab thiab qib amines. Qhov kev faib tawm no yog ua raws li tus naj npawb ntawm pawg organic uas txuas nrog nitrogen atom. Li no, thawj amine muaj ib pawg R txuas nrog nitrogen; Secondary amines muaj ob pawg R, thiab tertiary amines muaj peb pawg R. Feem ntau, hauv nomenclature, thawj amines yog lub npe hu ua alkylamines. Muaj aryl amines zoo li aniline, thiab muaj heterocyclic amines. Ib qho tseem ceeb heterocyclic amines muaj cov npe zoo li pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, indole, thiab lwm yam. Amines muaj trigonal bipyramidal zoo ib ncig ntawm nitrogen atom. C-N-C daim ntawv cog lus lub kaum sab xis ntawm trimethyl amine yog 108.7, uas yog ze rau H-C-H daim ntawv cog lus kaum ntawm methane. Yog li, nitrogen atom ntawm amine yog suav tias yog sp3 hybridized. Yog li cov tsis sib koom electron khub hauv nitrogen kuj yog nyob rau hauv ib sp3 hybridized orbital. Qhov no tsis sib koom electron khub feem ntau koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv amines. Amines yog nruab nrab polar. Lawv cov ntsiab lus kub kub yog siab dua li cov alkanes sib xws, vim muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev sib cuam tshuam. Tab sis lawv cov ntsiab lus kub yog qis dua li cov cawv sib xws. Thawj thiab theem nrab amine molecules tuaj yeem tsim muaj zog hydrogen bonds rau ib leeg thiab nrog dej. Tab sis tertiary amine molecules tsuas tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds rau dej lossis lwm yam hydroxylic solvents (tsis tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds ntawm lawv tus kheej). Yog li ntawd, tertiary amines muaj qhov qis qis dua li cov thawj lossis theem nrab amine molecules. Amines yog cov hauv paus tsis muaj zog. Txawm hais tias lawv muaj zog dua li dej, piv rau alkoxide ions lossis hydroxide ions, lawv tsis muaj zog dua. Thaum amines ua raws li lub hauv paus thiab hnov mob nrog cov kua qaub, lawv tsim cov ntsev aminium, uas yog qhov zoo. Amines tuaj yeem tsim quaternary ammonium ntsev thaum cov nitrogen txuas rau plaub pawg thiab yog li ua tau zoo.
Amide
Amide yog ib qho derivative ntawm carboxylic acid. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj carbonyl carbon nrog ib pawg R txuas. Thiab muaj ib pab pawg -NH2 uas txuas ncaj qha rau carbonyl carbon. Amides uas tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm nitrogen yog lub npe los ntawm kev ntxiv -amide mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub npe ntawm cov kua qaub. Yog tias muaj cov alkyl pawg txuas nrog cov nitrogen atom, ces, cov pab pawg no raug hu ua cov khoom hloov. Amides uas tsis muaj lossis ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nitrogen muaj peev xwm tsim cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen rau ib leeg; Yog li, cov ntsiab lus melting thiab boiling point ntawm xws li amides yog siab dua. Molecules nrog N, N- disubstituted amides tsis tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds nrog ib leeg, thiab yog li ntawd muaj cov ntsiab lus melting qis thiab cov ntsiab lus kub.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Amine thiab Amide?
• Hauv amides, cov nitrogen yog sib txuas rau carbonyl carbon, whereas hauv amines, nitrogen yog ncaj qha sib txuas rau tsawg kawg ib pawg alkyl / aryl.
• Thaum naming amides, lub ntsiab lus -amide yog siv tom qab lub npe niam txiv. Tab sis hauv amine nomenclature suffix –amine lossis prefix – amino siv tau nrog lawv niam txiv npe.
• Amides tsawg dua cov amines. Amides yog resonance stabilized, thiab vim cov nyhuv inductive lawv ua tsawg dua.
