Qhov txawv ntawm DNA Profileing thiab DNA Sequencing

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Qhov txawv ntawm DNA Profileing thiab DNA Sequencing
Qhov txawv ntawm DNA Profileing thiab DNA Sequencing

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm DNA Profileing thiab DNA Sequencing

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm DNA Profileing thiab DNA Sequencing
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Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA profiling thiab DNA sequencing yog DNA profileing yog ib txoj hauv kev siv los txheeb xyuas tus neeg los ntawm cov qauv los ntawm kev saib cov qauv tshwj xeeb hauv DNA, thaum DNA sequencing yog ib txoj hauv kev siv los txiav txim qhov sib lawv liag. ntawm nucleotides hauv ib daim DNA ntawm tus kheej.

Technologies zoo li DNA profileing thiab DNA sequencing yog qhov pab tau zoo los txiav txim qhov qub txeeg qub teg hauv cov pejxeem. Txawm hais tias DNA profileing thiab DNA sequencing suav nrog qee yam ntawm tib txoj kev, lub hom phiaj ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, DNA profileing qhia txog kev kho caj ces ntawm tus neeg. Hauv qhov sib piv, DNA sequencing txiav txim genome thiab proteins ib tus neeg encodes.

DNA Profileing yog dab tsi?

DNA profileing yog ib txoj hauv kev siv los txheeb xyuas tus neeg los ntawm cov qauv los ntawm kev saib cov qauv tshwj xeeb hauv DNA. Cov txheej txheem no tau pom thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1984 los ntawm tus xibfwb Sir Alec Jeffreys. DNA profiling pom ntau lub minisatellite hauv genome los tsim cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau ib tus neeg. Qhov no hu ua DNA ntiv tes. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm muaj tib DNA ntiv tes ntawm ob tus neeg yog tsawg heev. Yog li ntawd, ib yam li tus ntiv tes tiag tiag, DNA ntiv tes yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau tib neeg. DNA profileing feem ntau suav nrog cov qauv ntawm DNA thiab muab piv nrog cov qauv pom ntawm qhov chaw ua txhaum cai.

DNA Profileing yog dab tsi
DNA Profileing yog dab tsi

Daim duab 01: DNA Profileing

Hauv DNA profile, thawj zaug, DNA yog muab rho tawm los ntawm tib neeg cov khoom. Tom qab ntawd cov enzymes txwv tsis pub siv los txiav DNA. Tom ntej no, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm DNA qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog sib cais siv gel electrophoresis. Thaum DNA cov khoom raug txheeb xyuas hauv cov gel, lawv yuav hloov mus rau ib lub nylon membrane los tsim ib cov kab DNA. Cov nylon membrane yog incubated nrog radioactive probes. Cov kev sojntsuam yog minisatellites. Lawv tsuas yog txuas mus rau tej daim DNA uas yog complementary. Thaum kawg, minisatellites hauv cov qauv DNA qhov kev sojntsuam txuas tuaj yeem pom tau siv X-ray films. Ntxiv mus, tus qauv DNA no yog DNA ntiv tes uas tshwj xeeb rau ib tus neeg.

DNA Sequencing yog dab tsi?

DNA sequencing yog ib txoj hauv kev siv los txiav txim qhov sib lawv liag ntawm nucleotides hauv ib daim DNA ntawm tus kheej. Nws tseem hu ua kev txiav txim siab ntawm nucleotides hauv DNA. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam DNA sequencing txoj kev tau enormously ceev kev tshawb fawb lom thiab kho mob. Nws siv rau ntau yam xws li kev kuaj mob, biotechnology, forensic biology, virology, thiab bioinformatics. Los ntawm kev sib piv cov DNA ua ntu zus ntawm cov qauv noj qab haus huv thiab hloov pauv, cov kab mob sib txawv xws li qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem kuaj tau.

DNA Sequence yog dab tsi
DNA Sequence yog dab tsi

Daim duab 02: DNA Sequencing

DNA sequencing yog thawj zaug pom los ntawm Frederick Sanger hauv xyoo 1970. Hauv Sanger sequencing, lub hom phiaj DNA tau theej ntau zaus los ntawm kev ua kom tawg ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv. Thaum kawg ntawm Sanger sequencing, lub raj yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qhov xaus ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm nucleotide hauv thawj DNA. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, florescent saw terminator nucleotides kos qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom tawg. Lawv kuj tso cai rau kev txiav txim raws qib. Yog li, los ntawm cov xim ntawm cov dyes uas yuav sau ib qho tom qab ntawm lub ntes, qhov sib lawv liag ntawm thawj DNA tuaj yeem tsim tau.

Rau ob peb xyoos dhau los, ntau yam kev hloov DNA tshiab tau hloov zuj zus, xws li kev sib txuas rau tiam tom ntej. Cov tiam tom ntej sequencing yog ib txoj hauv kev loj uas ua rau kom ceev ntawm DNA sequencing. Nws kuj txo tus nqi ntawm DNA sequencing.

Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm DNA Profileing thiab DNA Sequencing?

  • DNA profileing thiab DNA sequencing ob qho tib si yog cov txheej txheem lom neeg molecular.
  • Lawv yog ob leeg raws DNA.
  • Ob leeg siv PCR thiab gel electrophoresis ib yam.
  • Cov tswv yim no tseem ceeb heev los txheeb xyuas qhov genome ntawm tus kheej.
  • Ob txoj kev muaj kev siv dav hauv kev tshawb fawb forensic.
  • Ntxiv mus, lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev sim niam txiv.

Qhov txawv ntawm DNA Profileing thiab DNA Sequencing yog dab tsi?

DNA profileing yog ib txoj hauv kev siv los txheeb xyuas tus neeg los ntawm cov qauv los ntawm kev saib cov qauv tshwj xeeb hauv DNA. Ntawm qhov tod tes, DNA sequencing yog ib txoj hauv kev siv los txiav txim qhov sib lawv liag ntawm nucleotides hauv ib daim DNA ntawm ib tus neeg. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA profileing thiab DNA sequencing. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hom phiaj ntawm DNA profiling yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov txawv ntawm tib neeg DNA hauv daim ntawv ntawm minisatellite. Hauv qhov sib piv, lub hom phiaj ntawm DNA sequencing yog los txiav txim qhov sib lawv liag ntawm nucleotides uas ua rau DNA molecule.

Cov infographic hauv qab no nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA profileing thiab DNA sequencing hauv daim ntawv tabular.

Summary – DNA Profiling vs DNA Sequencing

DNA profileing thiab DNA sequencing yog ob lub ntsiab lus molecular lom neeg. Lawv muaj kev siv ntau hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb, kev kuaj mob, biotechnology, virology, thiab biosystematics. DNA profiling yog siv los txheeb xyuas ib tus neeg los ntawm ib qho qauv los ntawm kev saib cov qauv tshwj xeeb hauv DNA thaum DNA sequencing yog siv los txiav txim qhov sib lawv liag ntawm nucleotides hauv ib daim DNA ntawm ib tug neeg. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA profileing thiab DNA sequencing.

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