Nuclear Reaction vs Chemical Reaction
Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv ib puag ncig yog vim muaj tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear. Cov no txhais li cas, thiab lawv txawv li cas ntawm ib leeg yog tham hauv qab no.
Tshuaj Reaction
Tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov txheej txheem rau hauv lwm cov tshuaj. Cov tshuaj thaum pib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog hu ua reactants, thiab cov tshuaj tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog hu ua cov khoom. Thaum ib los yog ntau dua reactants hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom, lawv yuav mus los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov lub zog. Cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov reactants tau tawg, thiab cov ntawv cog lus tshiab tau tsim los tsim cov khoom, uas txawv kiag li ntawm cov reactants. Hom kev hloov kho tshuaj no yog hu ua tshuaj lom neeg. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj yog piav qhia siv cov tshuaj sib npaug. Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv uas tswj cov kev tshwm sim. Qee yam ntawm cov khoom no yog cov concentrations ntawm cov reactants, catalysts, kub, hnyav los, pH, thiab tej zaum cov khoom concentrations thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, los ntawm kev kawm thermodynamics thiab kinetics, peb muaj peev xwm kos ntau cov lus xaus hais txog ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tswj lawv. Thermodynamics yog kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog. Nws tsuas yog txhawj xeeb nrog lub zog thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov sib npaug hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog qhov nrawm npaum li cas mus txog. Lo lus nug no yog nyob rau hauv lub kinetics.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog qhov qhia txog qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li nws tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog qhov ntsuas, uas txiav txim siab sai npaum li cas lossis qeeb npaum li cas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawm, qee qhov kev cuam tshuam qeeb heev, yog li peb tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim tshwj tsis yog peb saib nws ntev heev. Piv txwv li, pob zeb huab cua los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb uas tshwm sim ntau xyoo. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib daim ntawm poov tshuaj nrog dej yog ceev heev; yog li, ua kom muaj cua sov ntau, thiab nws yog suav tias yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav. Xav txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no qhov twg reactants A thiab B nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom C thiab D.
a A + b B → c C + d D
Tus nqi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem muab los ntawm ob qho tib si los yog cov khoom lag luam.
Rate=-1/a × d[A]/dt=-1/b × d[B]/dt=1/c × d[C]/dt=1/d × d[D] /dt
Ntawm no, a, b, c thiab d yog stoichiometric coefficients ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom. Rau cov reactants, tus nqi sib npaug yog sau nrog ib tug rho tawm kos npe rau, vim hais tias cov khoom yog depleting raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov khoom lag luam nce ntxiv, lawv tau muab cov cim zoo.
Nuclear Reaction
Lub nuclei ntawm ib lub atom lossis subatomic hais koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear. Nuclear fission thiab nuclear fusion yog ob hom kev tawm tsam nuclear. Nuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog siv los tsim lub zog vim nws tsim lub zog hauv ntau ntau dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fission, lub nucleus loj-tsis ruaj khov tau muab faib ua cov nuclei me me ruaj khov thiab, hauv cov txheej txheem, lub zog raug tso tawm. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fusion, ob hom nuclei tau sib xyaw ua ke, tso tawm lub zog.
Qhov txawv ntawm Nuclear thiab Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Dab Tsi?
• Hauv tshuaj tiv thaiv, atoms, ions, molecules, los yog cov tebchaw ua raws li reactants whereas, nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear, nuclei ntawm atoms lossis sub atomic hais koom.
• Hauv tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv atoms 'electrons. Hauv kev tawm tsam nuclear, kev hloov pauv feem ntau tshwm sim hauv atoms 'nucleus.
• Lub zog koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear ntau dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj.
• Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj yog nyob ntawm yam xws li siab thiab kub, tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear tsis yog nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej no, raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua.
