Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm carbamates thiab organophosphates yog tias carbamates tsis muaj phosphate, hos organophosphates tseem ceeb muaj phosphate.
Peb tuaj yeem pom cov ntsiab lus carbamates thiab organophosphates hauv kev ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv subcategory ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab. Ob leeg ntawm no yog cov organic tebchaw. Lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li cov qauv tshuaj thiab cov khoom.
YCarbamates yog dab tsi?
Carbamates yog cov organic sib txuas tau los ntawm carbamic acid. Cov tebchaw no yog hom ionic uas tsim los ntawm kev hloov ntawm ib lossis ntau dua hydrogen atoms los ntawm carbamic acid los ntawm lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv carbamic acid tsis ruaj khov, tab sis carbamate yog hom ionic ruaj khov. Qee cov carbamates yog covalent compounds, thaum lwm tus yog ionic compounds.
Hauv dej, peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov carbamate ion maj mam nkag mus rau hauv qhov sib npaug nrog carbonate thiab bicarbonate anions. Piv txwv li, calcium carbamate yog dej-soluble vim lub xeev sib npaug, tab sis calcium carbonate yog insoluble hauv dej.
Cov mis mos ntawm carbamate anion yog H2NCOO- Muaj ob lub pa oxygen atoms hauv carbamate anion. Ob qho tib si ntawm cov pa atoms lossis ib qho ntawm lawv tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm sulfur atoms. Cov khoom los ntawm cov kev hloov pauv no yog hu ua analogues ntawm carbamate. Thaum oxygen atoms hloov los ntawm sulfur atoms, cov khoom hu ua thiocarbamates. Yog tias ob qho tib si oxygen atoms hloov los ntawm sulfur atoms, ces cov khoom yog dithiocarbamate.
Daim duab 01: Cov Qauv Tseem Ceeb ntawm Carbamate
Ammonium carbamate tseem ceeb heev ua chiv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Nws yog ntsev ntawm ammonia, thiab peb tuaj yeem tsim nws los ntawm kev kho ammonia nrog carbon dioxide. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem pom cov carbamates tshwm sim ib yam nkaus. Piv txwv li, N-terminal amino pawg ntawm valine residues hauv hemoglobin tawm raws li carbamates.
YDab tsi yog Organophosphates?
Organophosphates yog ib pawg ntawm cov organic tebchaw uas muaj cov qauv dav dav O=P(OR) 3 Cov no yog esters ntawm phosphoric acid. Peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam organophosphates tshwm sim nyob rau ntau hom ntawv, xws li DNA, RNA, tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab, thiab lwm yam. Thaum xav txog cov khoom ntawm organophosphates, cov tshuaj no yog acidic vim muaj -OH pawg uas yog acidic (lawv tuaj yeem pub dawb. protons). Lawv tuaj yeem tau txais ib nrab deprotonated hauv cov tshuaj aqueous.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev sib txuas ntawm organophosphates. Piv txwv li, esterification ntawm phosphoric acid, oxidation ntawm phosphite esters, alcoholysis ntawm phosphorus oxychloride, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los, peb yuav nrhiav tau ib tug natural tshwm sim organophosphate uas yog tsim los ntawm cyanobacteria, anatoxin.
Daim duab 02: Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem ntawm Organophosphates
Kev siv loj ntawm organophosphates hauv kev ua liaj ua teb yog cov tshuaj tua kab. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau cov enzyme acetylcholinesterase tam sim no hauv kab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev ua ntawm cov enzymes neuromuscular. Cov enzymes no paub tias yuav tsum tau dav dav rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov kab.
Qhov txawv ntawm Carbamates thiab Organophosphates yog dab tsi?
Peb tuaj yeem pom cov ntsiab lus carbamates thiab organophosphates hauv kev ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv subcategory ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm carbamates thiab organophosphates yog tias carbamates tsis muaj phosphate, thaum organophosphates tseem ceeb muaj phosphate. The general formula of carbamates is H2NCOO− hos cov mis loj ntawm organophosphates yog O=P(OR)3Peb tuaj yeem tsim cov carbamates los ntawm kev kho ammonia nrog carbon dioxide. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem npaj organophosphates los ntawm ntau txoj kev suav nrog, esterification ntawm phosphoric acid, oxidation ntawm phosphite esters, alcoholysis ntawm phosphorus oxychloride, thiab lwm yam.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm carbamates thiab organophosphates.
Summary – Carbamates vs. Organophosphates
Peb tuaj yeem pom cov ntsiab lus carbamates thiab organophosphates hauv kev ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv subcategory ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm carbamates thiab organophosphates yog tias carbamates tsis muaj phosphate, hos organophosphates tseem ceeb muaj phosphate.
