Electromagnet vs Permanent Magnet
Electromagnets thiab cov hlau nplaum tas mus li yog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv electromagnetic txoj kev xav. Kab lus no yuav piav qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau nplaum, electromagnet thiab cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab piav qhia qhov nruab nrab ntawm ob lub hlau nplaum.
Electromagnet yog dab tsi?
Yuav kom nkag siab txog electromagnets, ib tus yuav tsum xub to taub qhov kev xav tom qab hlau nplaum. Magnetism tshwm sim vim muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no. Ib tug ncaj tam sim no nqa conductor exerts ib tug quab yuam, ib txwm mus rau lub tam sim no, nyob rau lwm yam tam sim no nqa conductor muab parallel rau thawj tus neeg xyuas pib. Txij li thaum lub zog no yog perpendicular rau qhov ntws ntawm cov nqi, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem yog lub zog hluav taws xob. Qhov no tom qab raug txheeb xyuas tias yog hlau nplaum.
Lub zog sib nqus tuaj yeem yog qhov txaus nyiam lossis xav tsis thoob tab sis ib txwm sib koom. Ib qho chaw sib nqus tawm dag zog rau txhua qhov kev txav mus los, tab sis cov nqi nyob ruaj khov tsis cuam tshuam. Ib qho chaw sib nqus ntawm cov nqi txav mus ib txwm yog perpendicular rau qhov nrawm. Lub zog ntawm tus nqi txav los ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus yog proportional rau qhov nrawm ntawm tus nqi thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub magnetic teb.
Ib tug hlau nplaum muaj ob tug ncej. Lawv txhais tau tias yog North Pole thiab South Pole. Cov kab hluav taws xob sib nqus pib hauv North Ncej thiab xaus rau South Ncej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab hauv teb no yog hypothetical. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov hlau nplaum tsis muaj nyob ua ib qho monopole. Cov ncej tsis tuaj yeem raug cais tawm. Qhov no yog hu ua Gauss txoj cai rau hlau nplaum. Electromagnet yog ib qho khoom siv ua los ntawm cov khoom nqa tam sim no. Cov loops no tuaj yeem yog cov duab, tab sis cov electromagnets muaj cov duab ntawm solenoids lossis rings.
Yuav ua li cas yog Permanent Magnet?
Vim tias hluav taws xob tam sim no yog tib txoj hauv kev los tsim cov hlau nplaum, cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov yuav tsum muaj cov dej ntws. Txhua lub atom muaj electrons orbiting lub nucleus ntawm lub atom, thiab cov electrons muaj ib tug khoom hu ua hluav taws xob spin. Ob yam khoom no yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov hlau nplaum hauv cov khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg raws li lawv cov khoom sib nqus. Cov ntaub ntawv Paramagnetic, Diamagnetic cov ntaub ntawv, thiab Ferromagnetic cov ntaub ntawv yog rau npe ob peb. Kuj tseem muaj qee yam tsawg dua xws li cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv ferromagnetic thiab cov ntaub ntawv ferrimagnetic. Diamagnetism pom nyob rau hauv atoms nrog tsuas yog khub electrons. Tag nrho cov spin ntawm cov atoms yog xoom. Cov khoom sib nqus tshwm sim tsuas yog vim lub orbital motion ntawm electrons. Thaum cov khoom siv diamagnetic muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sib nqus sab nraud, nws yuav tsim cov hlau nplaum tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kev sib txuam rau sab nraud. Paramagnetic cov ntaub ntawv muaj atoms nrog unpaired electrons. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws ua raws li cov hlau nplaum me me, uas muaj zog dua li cov hlau nplaum tsim los ntawm electron orbital motion. Thaum muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sib nqus sab nraud, cov hlau nplaum me me no ua ke nrog lub tshav pob los tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus, uas yog sib npaug rau sab nraud. Ferromagnetic cov ntaub ntawv kuj tseem yog cov ntaub ntawv paramagnetic nrog thaj tsam ntawm magnetic dipoles nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia txawm tias ua ntej siv cov hlau nplaum sab nraud. Thaum siv cov teb sab nraud, cov cheeb tsam sib nqus no yuav ua kom lawv tus kheej ua ke mus rau lub tshav pob kom lawv yuav ua rau thaj chaw muaj zog. Ferromagnetism tshuav nyob rau hauv cov khoom txawm tias tom qab sab nraud teb raug tshem tawm, tab sis paramagnetism thiab diamagnetism ploj mus sai li sai tau thaum lub teb sab nraud raug tshem tawm. Cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv ferromagnetic.
Qhov txawv ntawm electromagnets thiab cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov yog dab tsi?
• Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li tseem yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov txuas mus tas li, ua rau txhua lub atom yog hlau nplaum.
• Electromagnetism ploj mus ib zaug thaum cov hluav taws xob sab nraud nres, tab sis cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov tseem nyob.
