Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Hybridization vs Introgression
Kev noob caj noob ces yog ib lub tswv yim nrov uas los nyob rau hauv evolution. Genetic extinction piav qhia txog qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm subspecies thiab hla dhau tau ua rau kev ploj ntawm qee cov noob lossis alleles los ntawm cov pejxeem. Hybridization thiab Introgression yog ob hom uas noob caj noob ces yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si fauna thiab flora. Hybridization yog xa mus rau ib txoj kev uas muaj interbreeding ntawm hom ntawm ob hom noob caj noob ces los yog hom. Introgression yog ib hom kab mob sib kis uas tshwm sim ntawm cov hom ntawm tib neeg los ntawm kev rov qab mus rau ib lossis ob qho tib si ntawm niam txiv hom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Hybridization thiab Introgression yog hom kab mob sib kis. Thaum lub sij hawm hybridization, kev yug me nyuam yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov noob caj noob ces whereas, nyob rau hauv Introgression, crossover yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm hom ntawm tib cov pejxeem.
YHybridization yog dab tsi?
Hybridization txhais tau tias yog txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov tib neeg ntawm ob haiv neeg sib txawv. Hybridization tuaj yeem yog cov txheej txheem ntuj lossis tuaj yeem ua rau hauv vitro. Cov kab mob tshwm sim tom qab hybridization yog hu ua Hybrid.
Natural hybridization tau yog ib txoj kev yug me nyuam nrov siv nyob rau ob peb lub xyoo dhau los. Muaj ntau hom kev hybridization siv hauv kev yug me nyuam; Tib cross-hybridization, Ob chav hla-hybridization, Triple cross-hybridization, Peb-txoj kev hla-hybridization thiab Sab saum toj-hybridization, thiab lwm yam. Ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke yog tsim los ntawm ob hom tsiaj txhu. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau homozygous lossis heterozygous cov kab mob tseem ceeb. Qhov tshwm sim F1 tiam yog phenotypically homogenous.
Ob chav hla hybrids yog tsim los ntawm hla ob lub cim xeeb F1. Peb-txoj kev cross hybrids yog tsim los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm cov kab mob inbred thiab F1 kab mob. Triple cross hybrids yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm F1 hybrid thiab peb txoj kev hla hybrids. Hom kawg; sab saum toj ntoo khaub lig hybrids yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm cov txiv neej ntshiab-bred thiab cov poj niam qis dua. Genetic hybridization yog lwm hom kev hybridization uas ua rau cov hybrids uas muaj cov noob caj noob ces sib txawv rau nws niam txiv kab mob.
Daim duab 01: Hybridization
Nrog rau kev hloov pauv, kev sib xyaw ua ke tau ua rau muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov subspecies sib txawv tau tsim los ntawm kev hla ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm tib neeg. Lub phylogeny ntawm hom tau hloov vim qhov qauv ntawm hybridization. Qhov no tau ua raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm hom tshiab nyob rau lub sijhawm, txawm hais tias lub sijhawm hybridization thiab speciation yuav tsis tshwm sim ib txhij.
Kev nkag siab yog dab tsi?
Introgression tseem hu ua introgressive hybridization. Cov txheej txheem no piav qhia txog cov noob ntws ntawm cov neeg. Backcrossing ntawm hybrids tsim nyob rau hauv lub F1 tiam nrog ib tug los yog ob leeg ntawm cov niam txiv ua rau introgression. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cim caj ces nyob rau hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, ua rau evolution thiab qee zaum, genetic extinction. Yog li, lub hom phiaj ntawm introgression yog los koom ua ib qho allele los ntawm ib hom mus rau cov noob caj noob ces, yog li thiab introgression ntawm cov noob yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov pejxeem.
Nws kuj tau pom tias cov alleles qhia kev nkag siab tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv thiab txiav txim siab ntau yam phenotypes. Qhov no tsuas yog ua pov thawj los ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua nrog sib txawv introgression. Thaum lub sij hawm sib txawv introgression, alleles yuav introgressed ntau thiab lawv speciation yuav raug txiav txim.
Daim duab 02: Introgression
Introgression nyob ntawm ntau yam xws li ib puag ncig yam, qhov sib txawv alleles siv rau hauv introgression thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm alleles, thiab lwm yam. Introgression yog ib tug unidirectional txheej txheem, muaj peev xwm mus rov qab cov tsim F2 hybrid nrog ib tug ntawm cov niam txiv.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Hybridization thiab Introgression?
- Ob qho tib si Hybridization thiab Introgression phenomena pab txhawb kev genetic extinction.
- Ob leeg Hybridization thiab Introgression ua raws li kev xav ntawm evolution thiab phylogeny.
- Lub cim F1 yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ob qho tib si Hybridization thiab Introgression phenomena.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hybridization thiab Introgression yog dab tsi?
Hybridization vs Introgression |
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| Hybridization yog xa mus rau cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob hom noob caj noob ces los yog hom. | Introgression is a genetic crossover uas tshwm sim ntawm cov hom ntawm tib neeg los ntawm kev rov qab mus rau ib los yog ob qho tib si ntawm niam txiv hom. |
| Kev yug me nyuam ntawm ob yam kab mob nyob deb tau tshwm sim hauv hybridization. | Kev yug me nyuam ntawm hom tib neeg tshwm sim hauv introgression. |
Summary – Hybridization vs Introgression
Hybridization thiab introgression yog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob hauv kev tshawb fawb caj ces, phylogenetic thiab evolutionary, vim nws ua rau cov noob caj noob ces ploj mus thiab tshiab genotypes thiab phenotypes. Hybridization yog tus txheej txheem ntawm interbreeding ntawm ob tus neeg sib txawv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces whereas introgression yog cov txheej txheem uas cov tib neeg ntawm tib cov pejxeem interbreeding thiab undergo ib tug backcross nrog ib tug los yog ob leeg ntawm cov niam txiv. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm hybridization thiab introgression.
